Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Essays

Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Essays Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Paper Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Paper South Africa is the 25th-largest state in the universe and most of the state is classified as semi arid, it has considerable difference in clime every bit good as topology. South Africa is situated within the temperate zone. Which has an mean rainfall of 511 millimeters per annum, but has broad interfere and interregional differences with rainfall cut downing towards the West. This diverseness of local climes limits the negative effects of terrible drouths and offers some protection against general harvest failures. Location of South Africa is on the really southern tip of Africa ; it is a republic which is surrounded by land at the top and the two oceans, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. The Republic of South Africa is between 22 and 35 grades south latitude and 17 to 33 grades east latitude. The country of the state consists of 12,19,912 square kilo-meters. The Republic of South Africa covers an country of 122 million hectare and from which 18 million hectare is possible land for cultivation. 8 % the possible cultivable lands are under irrigation, which occupies for about half of the H2O demand in South Africa. With a population of 42 million and an estimated one-year population growing of -0.412 % , urbanisation and industrialisation will increase the force per unit area on the handiness of H2O resources and the allotment. South Africa is divided into nine states viz. Gauteng, Limpopo, Northern Cape, Mpumalanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, North West Province, Eastern Cape and Western Cape. We would wish to advert something facts for the peculiar country. EASTERN CAPE Area- 168 966 square kilometres Predominated languages- is isiXhosa ( 78.8 % ) , Afrikaans ( 10.6 % ) The Eastern Cape gets increasingly wetting agent from West to east. The West is largely semi-arid Karoo, except in the far South, which is temperate rain forest in the Tsitsikamma part. The seashore is by and large unsmooth with interspersed beaches. Most of the state is hilly to really cragged between Graaff-Reinet and Rhodes including the Sneeuberge, Stormberge, Winterberge and Drakensberg. The northern tropical woods mix with the more temperate forests of the South, making an interesting wood works of assorted species endemic to this part. 2. Free State Area- 129 825 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Sesotho ( 64.2 % ) , Afrikaans ( 12.7 % ) The Free State is situated on level boundless evident in the bosom of South Africa. The rich dirt and pleasant clime allow a booming agricultural industry. With more than 30,000 farms and the production of more than 70 % of the state s grain, it is known locally as South Africa s breadbasket. The state is high-lying, with about all land being 1,000 metres above sea degree. Around 2.8-million people live in Free State. The Free State can be highly cold during the winter months, particularly towards the eastern cragged parts. 3. GAUTENG Area- 16 548 square kilometres Predominated languages- is isiZulu ( 19.8 % ) , English ( 13.3 % ) , Afrikaans ( 12.4 % ) , Sesotho ( 11.6 % ) Gauteng s southern boundary line is the Vaal River and which separates it from the Free State. Gauteng is the lone landlocked state of South Africa with no foreign boundary line. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, high-level grassland ( circa 1,500A m/4,921A foots above sea-level ) . Between Pretoria and Johannesburg there are low parallel ridges and rippling hills. The North of the state is more semitropical, due to its lower height and is largely dry savanna home ground. Gauteng has cold winters and hot summers with hoar and the Hail is common during summer electrical storms. Most of research and development of South Africa s takes topographic point in Gauteng. Gauteng is home to many of the state s nucleus biotechnology companies. The state is extremely industrialised and urbanised. 4. Natal Area- 94 361 square kilometres Predominated languages- is isiZulu ( 77.8 % ) , English ( 13.2 % ) The state has three different geographic countries. The lowland part along the Indian Ocean seashore is highly narrow in the South, widening in the northern portion of the Kwazulu Natal. The cardinal part is the Natal Midlands, an undulating hilly plateau lifting toward the West. Third are the two cragged countries, the the Lebombo Mountains in the North and Drakensberg Mountains in the West. 5. LIMPOPO Area- 125 755 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Sesotho ( 52.9 % ) , Xitsonga ( 17 % ) , Tshivenda ( 16.7 % ) state s Johannesburg-Pretoria axis, the most industrialised tube pole on the continent. The state is at the Centre of regional, national, and international developing markets. The Limpopo contains much of the Waterberg Biosphere, a UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve. The Waterberg Biosphere, a massif of about 15,000A km2 ( 5,800A sqA myocardial infarction ) , is the first part in the northern portion of South Africa. Rich in natural beauty, civilization and wildlife, Limpopo has a booming touristry industry. In add-on to the Kruger National Park, there are several luxury private game militias with the 54 provincial militias. Valuable archeological artefacts have been discovered in the country. 6. MPUMALANGA Area- 76 495 square kilometres Predominated languages- is siSwati ( 27.7 % ) , isiZulu ( 24.1 % ) , Xitsonga ( 10.4 % ) , isiNdebele ( 10.1 % ) Mpumalanga falls chiefly within the grassland country. The Lowveld and the escarpment signifier a transitional zone between this grassland country and the savanna biome. The Province is a summer-rainfall country, with occasional winter snow on high land in the escarpment. The escarpment country sometimes experiences high land of snow. Thick mist is common during the humid and hot summers. Lake Chrissie is the largest natural fresh water lake in South Africa and is celebrated for its assortment of aquatic birds, peculiarly flamingos. 7. NORTH WEST Area- 106 512 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Setswana ( 63.4 % ) , Afrikaans ( 9 % ) Apart from a narrow strip of winter rainfall country along the seashore, the state is a semi waterless part because of small rainfall in summer. The conditions conditions are highly frigid and cold in winter, with highly high temperatures in summer. The country is known worldwide its dramatic one-year detonation of spring flowers which, for a short period every twelvemonth, attracts 1000s of tourers. The Northern Cape has a wealth of national Parkss and preservation countries. Here is the Orange River more impressive than at the Augrabies Falls, which ranks among the universe s largest cataracts on a major river. 8. NORTHERN CAPE Area- 372 889 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Afrikaans ( 53.8 % ) , Setswana ( 33.1 % ) The Northern Cape is South Africa s largest state, and distances between towns are tremendous due to its thin population. The south and south-east of the state is high-lying ( 1200m-1900m ) in the Roggeveld and Nuweveld territories. The West seashore is dominated by the Namaqualand part. it is celebrated for its spring flowers. This country is hilly to cragged. And it consists of Granites and other metamorphous stones. A summer-rainfall part, extremely cold in winter, temperatures range from up to 31AÂ °C in summer to every bit small as 3AÂ °C in winter. Sun City is one of the universe s biggest amusement Centres it is most celebrated attractive force of Northern Cape. With a casino, an 18-hole golf class, theaters and concert halls, beaches and a moving ridge pool at the Valley of the Waves. 9. Western CAPE Area- 129 462 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Afrikaans ( 49.7 % ) , isiXhosa ( 24.7 % ) , English ( 20.3 % ) Western Cape is the fourth-largest state of South Africa. The southern coastal country is fertile, and fishing is the most of import industry along the West seashore. Sheep agriculture is the Main support of the Karoo, and other signifiers of farming take topographic point in the better watered parts of the Western Cape. Saldanha, North of Cape Town, is South Africa s merely natural seaport, and noteworthy seaport for Fe exports and the fishing industry. Other towns include Stellenbosch and Worcester in the bosom of the winelands, George, a Centre for autochthonal lumber and vegetable production, Oudtshoorn, known for its ostrich merchandises and the world-famous Cango caves, and Beaufort West on the dry, sheep-farming fields of the Great Karoo. NATURAL RESOURCES OF SOUTH AFRICA As we know natural resources of any state is biggest wealth of that state. Because natural resources help to industrialization or economic development of that state so we found assorted natural resources of South Africa which executing as a wealth of South Africa. South Africa s most of natural resources are being obtained from mining industry. Equally good as there is a good developed fishing industry due to the long sea country. We mentioned dominant resources like GOLD PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Up until a few old ages back South Africa was the universe s largest gold manufacturer. China surpassed South Africa as the universe s largest manufacturer of Gold in 2007. South Africa is estimated, by US Geological Survey, to hold 6000 metric dozenss of gold militias. 95 % of South Africa s gold mines are belowground operations, making deepnesss of over 3.8 kilometers. Coupled with worsening classs, increased deepness of excavation and a slide in the gilded monetary value, costs have begun to lift, which ensuing in the steady autumn in production. The hereafter of the gold industry in South Africa hence depends on increased productiveness of its gold. The chief gold bring forthing country is concentrated on the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin. The Witwatersrand basin, which has been mined for more than 100 old ages and it has produced more than 41000 metric dozenss of gold, remains the greatest undermined beginning of gold in the universe. CHROMIUM PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa is the universe s largest manufacturer of ferrochrome. South Africa holds approximately 70 % of the universe s entire chrome militias, largely located in the BIC ( Bushveld Igneous Complex ) ores, and produces 75 % of the universe s ferrochrome. Kazakhstan and India are other major manufacturers. South Africa produced an estimated 96,00,000 dozenss of Cr ore in 2011. Samancor Chrome is the 2nd largest ferrochrome manufacturer in the universe, with entire chromite resources transcending 650 million dozenss. COAL PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa is the 6th largest holder of coal in the universe with 31 billion tones of recoverable coal militias, i.e. 11 % of the universe s entire coal militias. Although most of the coal is consumed by the South African energy sector, with 77 % of the state s primary energy demands provided by coal. In South Africa there are three major coal manufacturers: BHP Billiton Energy Coal South Africa ; Anglo American Coal and Xstrata. Universal Coal s thermic coal undertakings are located in South Africa s Mpumalanga state a part traditionally rich in coal. 83 % of the entire sum of coal produced in South Africa is in Mpumalanga. MANGANESE PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa presently accounts for approximately 75 % of the universe s identified Mn. These largely occur near Hotazel in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Harmonizing to the USGS, militias were estimated at 15 billion dozenss in 2011. South Africa was the universe s largest manufacturer of Mn in 2011, with the production of 3.4 million dozenss. NICKEL AND COBALT MINING PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Most of South Africa s Ni and Co are produced as by merchandise of Pt excavation activities on the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Harmonizing to the USGS, South Africa produced 34,000 metric dozenss of Ni in 2009. PHOSPHATES PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Foskor is one of the universe s largest manufacturers of phosphate and phosphorous acid. The Foskor Group comprises two chief excavation and production installations located in the Northern Province ( Limpopo ) of South Africa. PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA The PGE include Pt, Pd, gold, Rh, Ir, Os, Re and Ru. Platinum, Pd and Rh are produced in significant measures. South Africa is the largest manufacturer of Pt in the universe and holds a big per centum of planetary militias. Harmonizing to the US Geological Survey, South Africa s entire production of Pt is 140000 kgs and Palladium is 79000 kgs in 2009. Copper PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Palabora, taking Cu manufacturer of South Africa s is located 360km north E of Pretoria, near to the Kruger National Park. Copper is besides produced at the Exxaro owned Black Mountain polymetallic mine near Aggeneys in the Northern Cape. Oil AND GAS PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Harmonizing to the BP Statistical Energy Survey 2012, South Africa consumed an norm of 547.25 1000 barrels a twenty-four hours of oil in 2011, 0.64 % of the universe sum. South Africa is the taking economic power in Africa every bit good as a cardinal participant in the African oil industry. Today the state processes about 20 million dozenss per annum of petroleum and consumes 23 million dozenss of liquid fuel merchandises i.e. 45 % is gasoline and 26 % Diesel. The major liquid fuel markets are in the Gauteng country of South Africa IRON ORE PRODUCTION SOUTH AFRICA Harmonizing to the USGS, South Africa produced 53 million metric dozenss of Fe ore in 2009, doing it the universe s 7th largest manufacturer. It besides estimated, in 2009, that South Africa has 1000 million dozenss of petroleum ore militias and 650 million metric dozenss of Fe content militias. Most of South Africa s Fe ore militias are located in the Northern Cape of South Africa, adjacent to the monolithic Kalahari manganese field. India s Import of Iron Ore or Coal from South Africa Approximately 40 million metric metric tons of Fe ore are mined per annum in South Africa, of which about 12 million metric metric tons are consumed locally and 27 million metric metric tons are exported. Based on the import figures of the current fiscal twelvemonth, Indian authorities functionaries figure that India s coal imports from South Africa could good stop up at approximately 20 million dozenss of the entire 100 million dozenss coal imports expected by the terminal of current fiscal twelvemonth. As per authorities appraisal about 50 million dozenss of Fe ore for India s steel demands would hold been imported to run into the one-year jutting demand of 160 million dozenss. About half of this imported ore will be from South Africa. DIAMOND PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa has the most diverse scope of diamond sedimentations in the universe. South Africa produced 6,139,682.00 carats in 2009. South Africa produces in the part of 5 % of planetary production and is ranked seventh largest unsmooth diamond manufacturer in the universe. Company De Beers, which contributes in the part of 45 % of the universe s diamond market, shut down about 60 % of its operations in 2009. Petra Company has bought many mines antecedently owned by De Beers. Most production is sourced from kimberlite mines, followed by alluvials and so marine. Kimberlite mines are located chiefly in the cardinal northern parts of South Africa. Import of Diamond from South Africa India is taking its attempts at increasing India s relationships with major diamond-producing African states, and has created a comprehensive program to guarantee direct unsmooth diamonds imports from South Africa alternatively of Europe. India happens to be the universe s largest importer of unsmooth diamonds, every bit good as exporter of cut and polished diamonds. India is concentrating dialogues in South Africa that will assist guarantee India s strong standing in the diamond market. Namibia accounts for about 6 per cent of unsmooth diamond production, while Angola histories for 10 per centum. South Africa and Botswana history for 12 per centum and 25 per centum the universe s unsmooth diamond production, severally. TOPOLOGY RESOURCES OF SOUTH AFRICA In South Africa there is assorted agribusiness merchandises produces or grain cultivates harmonizing to climate state of affairs like temperature, dirt quality, H2O handiness, and accomplishments available in that peculiar country. As a consequence those countries are known for peculiar merchandises. We would wish to mentioned step production of merchandise harmonizing to country wise. CASHEW FOOD Cashew trees grow good at Pongola, Hluhluwe, Mtubatuba and Makhathini where the clime can be described as warm-subtropical. The Natal coastal part of north Empangeni, and the Pongola vale are suited countries of South Africa for Anacardium occidentale production. India provides a big Anacardium occidentale processing industry, and is dependent on over five-lakh ( 50,000 ) dozenss of natural Anacardium occidentales from South Africa. More than 60 states all over the universe receive Anacardium occidentale imports from India processing centres. Unfortunately, the Anacardium occidentales grown in India have caused concern in the market for hapless quality over recent old ages. Rice Presently, South Africa does non commercially produce any rice, chiefly due to the high H2O demands of the harvest in a by and large dry state. South Africa is dependent on rice imports to fulfill the local demand. India has exported rice to South Africa 27496 MT in 2011and 1, 02,205 MT in 2012* . Wheat The winter cereals comprises of the wheat, barley and oats. South Africa is said to be one of the major exporters of wheat to other states owing to the big production in the state. The chief countries of South Africa which are engaged in agribusiness include the Vaal and Crocodile. The Hart Rivers country excessively is actively engaged in farming. Equally much as 40,000-50,000 hectares of land is being planted with wheat in the countries of North West Province of South Africa. India does non bring forth adequate wheat to be self-sufficing. India can import wheat from South Africa. Corn Maize is produced throughout the state under diverse environments. Approximately 80 million dozenss of corn grains are produced in South Africa yearly on about 3.1 million Hector of land. Half of the entire production consists of white corn, for human nutrient ingestion. Maize is a warm conditions harvest and is non grown in countries where the average day-to-day temperature is less than 19 Â °C or where the mean of the summer months is less than 23 Â °C. SUGARCAN Most of the universe s sugar cane is grown between 22AÂ °N and 22AÂ °S, and some up to 33AÂ °N and 33AÂ °S.There are in the part of 42,300 registered sugar cane agriculturists in South Africa. Most agrarian takes topographic point in KwaZulu Natal state of South Africa. The South African sugar industry produces an estimated norm of 2.5 million dozenss of sugar per season. South Africa produced a sum of 2 273 499 dozenss in 2010/11 of which 1 399 657 dozenss was for the national market and 873 842 dozenss for the international market. Coffee The tree requires a warm clime and ample wet. At present no more than 200 hour angle of java are under production in South Africa, largely in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga states. South Africa is a net importer of java and consumes more than 20 000 ton per annum. India has exported java to south Africa of Us dollar 30522 in 2011. Wool Wool is produced throughout the state. The largest proportion of the South African wool cartridge holder is from rough, low-rainfall countries than in the higher rainfall countries of the coastal belt and the Highveld. Approximately 91 % of the cartridge holder is produced in four states of South Africa, viz. the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Free State and Northern Cape. South Africa export 10 % of its entire wool export to the India. MARINE FISHERIES South Africa has a coastline of some 2 798 kilometer, widening from the Orange River in the West, on the boundary line with Namibia, to Ponta make Ouro in the E, next to Mozambique. The western coastal shelf of South Africa is extremely productive, in common with other upwelling ecosystems around the universe, while the east seashore is less productive but has high species diverseness, including both local and Indo-Pacific species. So finally geographical features vary from states to states and harmonizing to that there is an agribusiness merchandises are green goodss and being exported. There are chief industry is mining in South Africa through which company obtains assorted natural resources as consequence of that natural resources South Africa s industrial and economic development has been enhanced. Foreword Education is merely the psyche of a society as it passes from one coevals to another . The survey of GCR ( Global Country Report ) was therefore assigned so that we enable ourselves with Geography, Natural Resources and Topology of South Africa. As instruction is non merely in books but in acquisition and acquisition does non stop with cognition of one s ain state but how can one state live in harmoniousness and function the involvement of other states besides. Therefore a planetary state study was prepared as a learning assignment and information was collected from assorted web sites and survey stuffs that helped us do a study to function the intent of the subject that was Geography, Natural Resources and Topology of South Africa. We gathered informations based on our research on South Africa s geographics, Natural Resources and Topology. This has helped to understand the kernel of a state as a whole. We observed the construction of South Africa like geographics, route denseness etc. We besides observed clime and continuance in South Africa. This survey helped us to understand features of land, characteristics of dwellers and phenomena of South Africa and besides temperature, humidness, atmospheric force per unit area, air current and rainfall features of South Africa. By: Mr. Ravi Kaswala Mr. Nitish Dawra Mr. Dhaval Moradiya Mr. Nilkesh Chikhaliya Mr. Mahesh Gogadani Mr. Nikhil Dhameliya Recognition We take the chance to show our gratitude to all the people who were associated with the devising of the study. This undertaking work has been the most practical and exciting portion of our larning experience, which would be an plus for my hereafter bearer. Many people have helped to make this undertaking and each of their part has been valuable. Proper organisation of construct and analysis of the undertaking is due to lament involvement and assisting manus of our professors and co-workers. We would wish to thank our undertaking guide Lecturer. Ankur Mehta, SRLIM College, SURAT who helped us to acquire the right information about the undertaking to be undertaken. In the other facet, we would wish to retrieve all the people who were ever at that place for us whenever we wanted their counsel despite of their busy agenda. We are extremely obliged to them for giving us good cooperation and bettering us knowledge during our preparation. Once once more thanks to all. By: Mr. Ravi Kaswala Mr. Nitish Dawra Mr. Dhaval Moradiya Mr. Nilkesh Chikhaliya Mr. Mahesh Gogadani Mr. Nikhil Dhameliya Table of Content Sr. no. Particulars Page No. 1 About South Africa 1 History of South Africa 1 Present trade relation India/Gujarat with South Africa 2 India and South Africa bilateral trade 4 Polices and Norms of India for import or export to the South Africa 5 2 Geography of South Africa 8 Eastern Cape 12 Free State 13 Gauteng 14 Kwazulu-Natal 15 Crocodile river 16 Mpumalanga 18 North West 19 Northern Cape 21 Western Cape 22 3 South Africa: Natural Resources 24 Gold overview of South Africa 24 Chromium Mining Overview Of South Africa 25 Antimony overview of South Africa 27 Coal mining overview of South Africa 27 Iron Ore excavation overview of South Africa 28 Manganese mining overview of South Africa 31 Nickel and Co excavation overview of South Africa 32 Chemical and fertiliser excavation in South Africa 33 Tin excavation of South Africa 33 Overview of rare Earth minerals 34 Uranium A ; Th excavation of South Africa 34 Diamond excavation overview of South Africa 35 Platinum group component of South Africa 37 Copper excavation overview of South Africa 38 Vanadium excavation of South Africa 38 Oil A ; gas overview of South Africa 38 4 Topology of South Africa 40 Cashew nutrient 40 Rice 41 Cultivation of Wheat 42 Maize 43 Sugarcane 44 Coffee 45 Wool 47 Nuts and Fruits 48 Marine Fisheries 48 5