Shabanu Essay :: essays research papers

Shabanu Essay In the novel Shabanu, by Suzanne Fisher Staples, ladies are depicted in two unmistakable ways: respectful and insubordinate. The devoted ladies would incorporate Phulan, Mama, and Auntie. Defiant ladies would comprise of Sharma, Fatima, and, obviously, Shabanu. The hero Shabanu, depicts herself as a defiant lady. Shabanu continually ignores her dad. In the start of the novel, Shabanu endeavors to recover her camel Mithoo so he won't be hurt by Tipu, another camel. Dadi reveals to her No multiple times however she demands. Dadi is angry, ?Don?t ever resist me? (27). Dadi shakes her so hard that her head flies back and fourth. Shabanu returns home and keeping in mind that she is making chapaties Auntie says to her, ?Shabanu, you are wild as the breeze, you should figure out how to comply. Otherwise?I am apprehensive for you? (28). Another case of Shabanu?s defiance is the point at which she tosses water on the landowner. Nazir Muhammad and his men express the need to ?guarantee? Shabanu and her sister, Phulan. Shabanu gets nauseated and chooses to toss her head forward, causing the water container on her head to overflow the dike and Nazir Muhammad. Sharma, Shabanu?s auntie, is an insubordinate lady also. Sharma is depicted as strong, ?Most men don?t like her and fear her? (98). Sharma thinks about Shabanu and attempts to pay special mind to her. Despite the fact that Sharma had no expectations of causing Shabanu risk, she offered her some exceptionally risky guidance. ?You attempt to satisfy him so he can?t exposed to be away from you a solitary second. On the off chance that he treats you seriously, come remain with us? (209). Aunt, not at all like Sharma and Shabanu, depicts a faithful lady, with ethics. Aunt is conventional, and regularly scrutinizes Mama for having no children in the family. ?On the off chance that God had favored you with children, we wouldn?t need to break our fingers over wedding dresses? (3). Aunt looks down on Shabanu for being ?kid like?. ?A youngster shouldn?t go with her crown revealed. You?re too old to even think about acting like a kid? (33). Mom is submissive too. Mom slaps Shabanu as a result to non-customary perspectives. Mom acknowledges that Dadi deals with the ?masculine? issues, for example, the selling of the camels. Being the man, Dadi additionally deals with the risky circumstances, such as getting grandpa after the dust storm.

How to get 100 CME Credits as a Broke Physician Assistant

OK, so I am not exactly broke but I once was, and I am always treading a fine line. I have two children in braces, a wife working part-time, a struggling retirement account, a car payment, a mortgage payment, and, to top it off, I don't receive a CME stipend from my employer! The only good news is I don't have any PA school loans. So, I am always looking to save money where I can.Especially, when it comes to CME, which can be very expensive. Also, maybe like yourself, I had to pay for my DEA license, renew my California PA license, and fork over some money to the NCCPA for the privilege of maintaining my accreditation. This has brought my total PA related bill to well over $1,200 for the year.... yikes! I hated to do it, but I have had to opt-out of an annual AAPA membership and my state PA chapter because I just couldn't afford it. CME on The Cheap (AndDown-Low) So, I am going to let you in on two + resources that will allow you to get all your CME for less than $245 per year. Saving you time, frustration, and most of all, money! 1. The PRIMED MedicalConference Web Site:www.pri-med.com A colleague of mine introduced me to PRIMED years ago and I have never looked back. It is an excellent source of top-notch information and is good for about 35 category 1 CME credits. What's the best part? The cost to attend the Primed Conference is about $90 (early registration) for the entire four-day event! It is subsidized by pharmaceutical companies, and this is obvious from the start. But I find the CME to be timely and (although at times biased) very good, the event is enormous, and the food, services, and people are wonderful. They have fivelarge conferences every yearcovering the entirety of the United States along with several smaller "regional" meetings. In my opinion, it is the only conference to go to if you have to pay for CME out-of-pocket. And if you don't? Well then enjoy the best conference you can attend (preferably someplace warm and exotic) and stay at the Marriott. I will be thinking of you while I am at the Motel 6. Go to Primed 2. American Family Physician (AFP) Journal Web Site:www.aafp.org With an AFP journal subscription, you can accrue all the CME you need every two years without exception. A digital-only membership is $140 per year, allows you to stay up to date with all general health topics, and is just an all-around fantastic resource. I started reading The AFP Journal in PA school with a $40 student membership because I loved the clinical information. Now I read it for both the CME and the articles. It is a great medical journal and is big on CME. It's the best deal in town! AFP Digital-only Subscription One year digital accessAFPJournal AppMore than 130 CME/CE creditsAFPby Topic and Podcasts Subscribe to AFP 3. Prescriber's Letter Web Site:www.prescribersletter.com If you stopped at the above two recommendations, you will be good for all your CME needs. But, I include The Prescribers Letter, because it offers an incredible wealth of information and provides a lot of high-quality CME. I choose to subscribe to the digital edition. It keeps me up to date and has an excellent, searchable database that will make you a top-notch, better informed PA. I can't recommend The Prescriber's Letter enough, for unbiased research and great clinical pearls! **Update for 2019-2020: the price for Prescribers Letter Gold 1-year subscription is $139 (still a good deal) Prescribers Letter So there you have it, my short and easy list of CME on the cheap. If you have any other recommendations please let me know in the comments section. You may also like -How Much do PAs Make? Physician Assistant Salary and Compensation2019 PA Salary and Compensation How much money does a physician assistant make? In 2019, the median annual salary for PAs working full-time in the United States, independent of years of experience is $104,000 - $110,567 per []The 10 Best Websites for Physician Assistant Job Search Where is the best place to begin your next physician assistant job search? I have put each website to the test! Here is a comparison of the biggest and the best job search websites and apps for physician assistants based on their []Free PANRE and PANCE Practice Tests and Exam QuestionsI am happy to announce that the free PANCE and PANRE practice exams are finally up and running! There were a few technical hurdles to overcome, but I have worked out most of the kinks with the exam professor software. I want to []

U.s. Department Of Homeland Security Programs And Practices

The question that has been asked; given the amount of money spent on homeland security programs and practices, how should the United States measure the effectiveness of this spending? This question has been answered time and time again by the different agencies that fall underneath the department of Homeland Security. Since the creation of this department, in the shadow of the 9-11 attacks by the Al Qaida terrorist group in the United States, The Department of Homeland Security has stopped numerous attacks from occurring, seized countless amounts of contraband (drugs, weapons, forged currency, illegal good and persons) from violating the sovereignty of the United States and therefore protecting the people of this nation and the national†¦show more content†¦These are the people who regularly interact with the public, who are responsible for public safety and security, who own and operate our nation’s critical infrastructures and services, who perform research and deve lop technology, and who keep watch, prepare for, and respond to emerging threats and disasters† (Homeland Security). There are five core missions that DHS preforms; 1. Prevent terrorism (attacks, operations and recruiting) and enhancing security; protecting the American people and way of life from all terrorist attacks is the founding principle that DHS was founded upon and it is considered their highest priority. DHS has a counterterrorism program that is responsible for three objectives; a. Prevent any terrorist attacks on the United States or its territories b. Prevent any illegal or unauthorized implementation, acquisition, transportation of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear materials (CBRN) in or out of the United States c. Decrease the vulnerability of all critical structure, key resources, vital leadership and all major events that could be targeted by terrorist group. 2. Secure and manage the U.S. border; DHS ensures U.S. solvency by controlling and monitoring all borders (land, air and sea) to prevent illegal activity that could interfere with the lawful travel and

Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients - 1347 Words

Introduction Since the reformation of welfare in 1996, nearly all states have attempted to pass legislation to require the use of drug testing among welfare recipients. Thirteen states have passed legislation and there are currently seven states testing applicants for drugs. The results have been somewhat anticlimactic, as the number of positive drug test results is lower than the national average. There are many concerns surrounding the issue of drug testing welfare recipients, including the cost, constitutionality, and the effect on children. History In 1971, President Richard Nixon initiated the national War on Drugs, which focused on the passage of policies geared toward fighting illegal substances (Amundson, Zajicek, and Hunt, 2014). During this time, Nixon allocated two-thirds of federal dollars for treatment of drug addiction and prevention of new users and one-third of federal dollars for interdiction and enforcement (Amundson et al., 2014). After Nixon’s initial War on Drugs program, policies and programs began to shift. Under the Regan Administration, the War on Drugs became more punitive and there was a reversal of federal dollars. Under the new and subsequent regimes, two-thirds of money was spent on interdiction and enforcement and one-third was spent on treatment and prevention (Amundson et al., 2014). Under this new Administration came tougher sentencing, an increase in prison spending, and mandatory minimum sentencing for drug offenses (Amundson et al.,Show MoreRelatedDrug Testing Welfare Recipients1395 Wor ds   |  6 PagesIn 2010, 17.5% of unemployed adults collecting some sort of welfare failed drug tests. In 2011, 23.8% of welfare recipients admitted to using illegal drugs, including marijuana. The problem the United States if facing is that welfare recipients are using the cash they are given to purchase illegal drugs. Many of these people purchasing illegal drugs had prior illegal drug abuse problems and some of these people believe that since they are given this â€Å"free† money, they can continue on with these addictionsRead MoreDrug Testing Welfare Recipients913 Words   |  4 PagesIf the drug testing is implemented, of course, there will always be those who feel violated, but what about the taxpayer’s rights? Do they have that right to know how their money is being spent? The problem with this development is there are so many ways to cheat and test clean. In theory that is true, but in reality not so sure because there are different types of testing. The ma in one is urinating in a cup and we all know that can be tampered with, but what about the hair strand, how is that possibleRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients912 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Testing Welfare Recipients To test or not to test has been has been the question at hand for many states that are dealing with whether or not to pass the law that welfare recipients should or should not be drug tested in order to receive assistance from the government. Florida was the first state to mandate the law in 2011 and thereafter twenty four other states in the last year have also passed this law in our own state of Oklahoma being one of them. Although alcohol is legal it is abused farRead MoreDrug Testing Welfare Recipients Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesin order to obtain a job, some people go through drug testing while drug and alcohol abusers receive free, no strings attached, financial assistance (see appendix A)? Food stamps and Medicaid are provided to low and no income Americans who would otherwise do without. According to heritage.org, a majority of the illegal drug use in American adults is tied to unemployed citizens. While there are many people who disagree with testing welfare recipients, the truth is that the pros greatly outweigh theRead MoreShould Drug Testing Welfare Recipients? Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of drugs is an immense problem in today’s society. The big question is, is it a problem within the welfare system? Drug use isn’t just a problem of poverty; it’s found among all groups and classes. As said in Jamelle Bouies article, The Myth of Drug Use and Welfare, â€Å"The myth of welfare recipients spending their benefits on drugs is just that—a myth. And indeed, in Utah, only 12 people out of 466—or 2.5 percent—showed evidence of drug use after a mandatory screening.† Drug testing welfare recipientsRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1526 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesBreez Arann Ms. Holiday English 12 11/04/15 Mandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients When the United States’ welfare program was created during the Great Depression, it was meant to temporarily relieve the burdens of the one-fourth of American families who were unemployed, and struggling financially. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act in 1935, then amended it in 1939 to create programs to assist families with unemployment compensation, and to create government agenciesRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing For Welfare Recipients1613 Words   |  7 Pagestime-welfare reform. New screening processes, often considered a direct violation of constitutional rights, have already been enacted in many states. Strong evidence exists, asserting that the practice of administering drug testing to welfare recipients will cost the U.S. taxpayers more money in the long run, stigmatize applicants and participants, and serve only the purpose of making the pharmaceutical companies more powerful. In order to protect the constitutional rights of potential we lfare recipientsRead MoreShould Drug Testing Welfare Recipients?1679 Words   |  7 Pageswho test positive for drugs should be able to receive welfare. It was an argument that flooded social media, arguments filling comments with opinions. It is a subject that continues to be discussed within our peer groups, our communities, and our states. This paper will discuss the opinions of individual’s within the country, the beneficial factors of drug testing welfare recipients as well as the unbeneficial factors, as well as who decides if drug testing welfare recipients goes into effect or notRead MoreDrug Testing for Welfare Recipients Essay2111 Words   |  9 PagesThe history of social welfare can be traced back to ancient times, but the time most influential to the start of social welfare programs in the United States occurred during the great depression. In 1935, then President Theodore Roosevelt introduced the Social Security Act. This act guaranteed pensions, unemploymen t insurance, and help for children and the disabled. The Works Progress Administration was also put in to place and helped unemployed people find jobs (HISTORY.COM-New Deal). A propositionRead MoreBenefits of Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Random drug screening involves the experimental analysis that utilizes specimens such as saliva, hair, blood or urine in order to determine the presence of certain drugs or their metabolites. These tests are usually done to ascertain the presence or absence of prohibited drugs or steroids. On the other hand, the state welfare assistance/ government assistance is a government funded program that was started in 1930 during which period US citizens and the rest of the world were facing

Kwakiutl Indians free essay sample

The Northwest Coastal Indians, Kwakiutl, lived in what is now Alaska along the Pacific Ocean down the coast to Northern California. The environment was very diverse and often extreme which included a rugged strip of land with small islands, deep inlets, inland rivers and lakes, deep fjords, and wide and narrow beaches. Mountains rise to the shore in many places. Spruce, cedar, and fir forests dominated the area supplying endless amounts of wood. All the people lived near the water and relied heavily on the water for survival.Temperatures were moderate, which allowed the people to fish all year. There was access to the Pacific Ocean for fishing and collecting food like clams and shellfish. Salmon was the most important food. The Kwakiutl tribe was very intelligent people who were able to develop a strong and dependent society by creating multiple uses of the dense woods, coastal rivers, and the ocean. Their adaptive strategy used in the northwest pacific surrounding was so unique and complex that the tribe could function systematically on their own. From the abundant supply of food from the waters around them, agriculture was not necessary to them in this area, even though the dense wild life had plenty of vegetation to offer from the nuts and berries to hunting animals for their hide. However, they did not hunt to stock up on food but more for the warm useful hides of the animals to have more clothing through the year. However, they were able to create other useful clothing out of cedar bark. There was many things made from the cedar bark such as woven baskets, shirts, everyday skirts for the women, the cedar tree was a big part of this culture.The items that they held prize possession to were items that were hand crafted and designed by the people. These extraordinary art crafts are highly decorative and in this present day pieces of the Kwakiutl culture have been left behind and put in museums to be looked at by people. The Kwakiutl were a fascinating tribe they had enormous amounts of information about their surrounding envi ronment. They were very sophisticated in the caste system with who does what and the tools made by the people to have create the artifacts they did is showing high amounts of intelligence from the people.In order for the people to carve or design art pieces they need tools. The tools that were used to do the carvings to make a totem pole, canoe, or home they needed sharp items to be able to carve the wood. They used bones from caught killed animals and other sea mammals. The bones or stone was filed down to have the sharp edge to carve the wood, scrape the hide, or crafting the canoes. This technique was very similar to others using bones for the tools needed to make their sacred belongings. They were able to use this technique because of the surplus they had with shellfish, and other shelled seafood. It’s proven they ate tremendous amounts of shellfish because of the mounds of shells they left behind. They also ate huge amounts of salmon, and because they ate so much they would have a revivication ceremony to give respect to the salmon for its life. The salmon was respected by the northwest peoples as the plains Indians respected the buffalo for its hide. These people were very independent and had structured religious beliefs that caused for a sacrifice to the gods for the abundant supply of goods given to them.The Kwakiutl tribe had many beliefs that animals represent certain gods and these were the animals or birds that were carved in to the totem poles or, canoes. These tribes give a lot of insight on how our organic environment can be better used and treated. The Kwakiutl tribe put their surroundings to the best use by having homes, clothes, transportation, and food. By them being so structured they were able to live to give back to their people. Men mostly did the activities out side of the house. They did the hunting, trapping, fishing, and building of things.While the men were doing their activities, the women did theirs and it was different from the men. The women mostly stayed in the houses. Their activities were to take care of the children, make clothing and cook meals. The chief of the tribe still had control of the tribe. When a baby was born in the tribe, they had baby-naming ceremonies. Instead of living in single-family homes, they lived in houses like a community. In British Columbia, were the Kwakiutl tribes are at, their culture is known by their artistic totem poles and masks for rituals.Before contact with the settlers, they had an organized society of different class and they performed a potlatch ceremony. The people in the tribe traded goods with the explorers. They traded furs with them and then they started to become assimilated to the western culture lifestyle. The people started working in the fishing industry. With all the changes from the Europeans, disease brought many deaths to people of the tribe. Their population dropped dramatically but it has been increasing over the years and they are still working the fishing industry. Copper was a valuable item in trade with the Europeans and valuable to the people.Copper was something that showed wealth of a person. The decoration of the resident’s home signified the status of them. They were totem poles and cedar poles with decorative carvings. A popular art in the Kwakiutl tribe was making jewelry. Shells from the hunts and beaches were brought back to make jewelry out of it. Almost everybody wore ear rings and nose rings that were made out of shell. For some women to show that they are married, they wore a plug made out of shell, bone, or wood in their lower lip. Many of the women wore necklaces. They also wore bracelets and anklets made from fur.The tribe had a matriarchal society, through the female line. On the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada, there were about thirty different groups. In each of the groups, the rank of the people depended on their family ancestry and was governed by a chief. The social status of the people showed who held rights and also allowed them to sing certain songs, wear masks, and display personal wealth. The totem poles were another way to show family ancestry, social status, and an important event that happened in a chiefs’ or a noble’s life. The crest figures on top of each other had different meanings.Certain animals that are on the totem poles show a story of the people in the clan. The animals carved on the totem poles were mostly of bears, birds, or animals from the ocean and forest. The kinship of the Kwakiutl people was based on a bilinear structure and it had some characteristics of a patrilineal culture. They had a large extended family and an interconnected family. The people in the tribe could trace their genealogy back to their ancestral roots. The head chief would assign people their roles in his family. In each clan, there are several sub-chiefs.They gained their title through their families’ lineage and organizing the property of the land. The concept of the property of the land was an important part of their daily life. Property for hunting and fishing were inherited through the family. The society was divided into four classes which are: the nobles, aristocrats, commoners, and slaves. The language family that the Kwakiutl language or Kwak’ala speak comes from the Wakashan language in the Northwest Coast. The term Kwakwaka’wakw is used for the ethnic group and Kwak’wala is used for the language. The mainland in British Columbia was occupied by them.Around the time of contact with the Europeans, many tribes or families were formed. Each of them came together under one chief. With the coming of the Europeans, things changed dramatically for the Kwakiutl people. They brought guns and diseases with them. Conflicts with the Europeans and the people in the tribes started rising. Children were started to be sent out of the villages to boarding schools. With the assimilation of the western culture, the natives were beginning to lose their culture because they were not able to practice it. It was hard for the people to revive their language because it had been lost for a long time.A potlatch is a gift-giving festival and primary economic system. The potlatch culture of the Northwest is famous and widely studied and remains alive in Kwakiutl, as does the lavish artwork for which their people and their neighbors are so renowned. The phenomenon of the potlatch, and the vibrant societies and cultures associated with it, can be found in Chiefly Feasts: The Enduring Kwakiutl Potlatch, which details the incredible artwork and legendary material that go with the other aspects of the potlatch, and gives a glimpse into the high politics and great wealth and power of the Kwakiutl chiefs.The potlatch was also seen as a key target in assimilation policies and agendas. Missionary William Duncan wrote in 1875 that the potlatch was â€Å"by far the most formidable of all obstacles in the way of Indians becoming Christians, or even civilized. † Thus in 1885, the Indian Act was revised to include clauses banning the potlatch and making it illegal to practice.The official legislation read, â€Å"Every Indian or other person who engages in or assists in celebrating the Indian festival known as the Potlatch or the Indian dance known as the Tamanawas is guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not more than six nor less than two months in a jail or other place of confinement; and, any Indian or other person who encourages, either directly or indirectly an Indian or Indians to get up such a festival or dance, or to celebrate the same, or who shall assist in the celebration of same is guilty of a like offence, and shall be liable to the same punishment. (Jonaitis). â€Å"We will dance when our laws command us to dance, and we will feast when our hearts desire to feast. Do we ask the white man, ‘Do as the Indian does? ’ It is a strict law that bids us dance. It is a strict law that bids us distribute our property among our friends and neighbors. It is a good law. Let the white man observe his law; we shall observe ours. And now, if you come to forbid us dance, be gone. If not, you will be welcome to us. † O’wax? a? laga? lis Chief of the Kwagul â€Å"Fort Rupert Tribes†, to Franz Boas, October 7, 1886 (Hunt). Potlatches now occur frequently and increasingly more over the years as families reclaim their birthright. The Kwakiutl believed in many spirits and mythological beings. It was believed that every living thing had a spirit and had to be respected. Winalagalis is a war god of the Kwakiutl native people of British Columbia. He travels the world, making war. Winalagilis comes from North (underworld) to winter with the Kwakiutl. Winalagalis is the bringer and ruler of Tseka (Winter Ceremonial), and imbues red cedar bark with supernatural power. Winalagalis is associated with a magical war canoe (alternately described as made of copper, a sisiutl, invisible, able to travel underground, ; permanently fused with Winalagalis). He is also described as thin, tall, and black, with bat-like eyes. Winalagalis ceremonies include the Tuxwid and Hawinalal warrior invincibility dances, and the mamaka (disease thrower) dance. In the Hawinalal, dancer’s don sisiutl girdles are pierced through back ; thigh skin with skewers, and suspended from the rafters of the plank house to demonstrate invincibility ; immunity from pain.He is announced by whistles ; bull-roarers (the voice of Winalagalis). Of particular importance in Kwakwakawakw culture is the secret society called Hamatsa (Hunt). During the winter, there is a four-day, complex dance that serves to initiate new members of Hamatsa. The Hamatsa dancer represents the spirit of Baxbaxwalanuksiwe (Man-Eater at the North End of the World); who can transform into various man-eating birds and has mouths all over his body. Hamatsa initiates are possessed by Baxwbakwalanuksiwe. On the first day of the Hamatsa ceremonies the initiate is lured out of the woods and brought into the Big House to be tamed.When the initiate returns, he enacts his cannibalistic possession symbolically. Gwaxwgwakwalanuksiwe is the most prestigious role in the Supernatural Man-Eater Birds ceremony; he is a man-eating raven. Galuxwadzuwus (Crooked-Beak of Heaven) and Huxhukw (supernatural Crane-Like Bird who cracks skulls of men to suck out their brains) are other participants. Tseiqami is a man who comes from the cedar tree and Thunderbird, lord of the winter dance season, a massive supernatural bird whose wing beats cause the thunder, and the flash of whose eyes causes lightning. Tseiqami hunts whales for its dinner out at sea, and sometimes helped heroic ancestors build houses by placing giant cedar beams for them. Thunderbirds adversary is Qaniqilak, spirit of the summer season, who is often identified as the sea god, Kumugwe. Kumugwe or Komokwa is the name of Undersea Chief. Sisiutl is a giant three-headed sea serpent whose glance can turn an adversary into stone. Cross beams of clan houses sometimes are carved with his appearance.Blessed ancestors have sometimes received sisiutls help when he transforms himself into an invincible war canoe, and sometimes into a magic belt with which to gird one against all dangers. Dzunukwa (Tsonokwa) is a type of cannibal giant (called Sasquatch by other Northwest Coast tribes) and comes in both male and female forms. In most legends, the female form is the most commonly told; she eats children and cries hu-hu! to attract them, she imitates the childs grandmothers voice. Children frequently outwit her, sometimes killing her and taking her treasures without being eaten.

Report on Emotion, Identity, and Religion Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness, by Douglas Davies

Introduction This report is aimed at discussing the marketing campaign surrounding the release of such book as Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness, written by Douglas Davies. This work was published by Oxford University Press on 10 March, 2011.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report on Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness, by Douglas Davies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is necessary to analyze the target audience of this book or product, the elements of the marketing mix that have been included in its promotion. Furthermore, it is important for us to discuss the competitive environment of this product and identify those factors which might pose a threat to the commercial success of this publication. Finally, it is necessary to present overall evaluation of the company’s promotion strategies, particularly regarding this book. Target market Th e target audience of this book is very difficult to define. Judging from its content, one can argue that it is intended for well-educated people, who major in religious studies, history, or psychology. One may argue that this book will be of the greatest interest to educators or students. Certainly, it is possible to say that increasing attention to the relationship between religion and culture can contribute to the success of this book among general audience. But, the main readers of this book can be graduate or post-graduate students, professors of psychology and religious studies, and those scholars, who are doing research in this field. Apart from that, we can hypothesize that the age of readers will 22 and above since at this age people are more likely to have necessary background knowledge in order to read this work. Finally, we can assume that this book is intended to both male and female readers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis Strengths This marketing campaign has several strengths. First of all, we need to speak about brand. Oxford University Press has long been regarded as a leading scholarly publisher which always attempts to offer only the most innovative and well-researched works to the readers. Secondly, we need to mention that the author of this book Douglas Davies is a well-known expert in religious studies; thus, his opinion will be valued by the readers. Finally, the most important strength is the product itself. The book Emotion, Identity, and Religion Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness presents a thought-provoking discussion of how religion can shape a person’s identity. Weaknesses One can identify several essential weaknesses of this item. Judging from the cover of the book, one can hardly deduce its target audience. It is not clear whether it is intended for scholars, majoring in religious studies or for peopl e, who are interested in psychology, anthropology, or sociology. This lack of focus can undermine commercial performance of this item because prospective readers may not know whether this book will be of any benefit to them. The second weakness is poor use of the brand. The thing is that a potential buyer may not notice the name of the publishing house. The thing is that readers may be more willing to purchase a book, if they know that it was released by Oxford University Press. Additionally, we need to mention that the publishing house does not provide detailed information about the author. They should have mentioned that Douglas Davis has written more than 20 books about psychology and sociology of religion. By referring to these books, the publishers would have been able to attract customers, who formerly read the books of this author. These are the major limitations of this publication that we can identify. On the whole, they can significantly reduce the commercial success of th is book. Opportunities The major opportunity is increasing interest of readers to this topic. Many people (not necessarily professionals) want to understand the similarities and differences between the world’s largest religions and their impact on the identity of people and society, in general.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report on Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness, by Douglas Davies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, we should note that religious studies are becoming more and more connected with other disciplines, such as sociology or psychology. This trend can eventually increase the target audience of this title and this factor was definitely taken into account by Oxford University Press. Threats There are several external factors which downgrade the success of this marketing campaign. First, the topic has already become a subject of numerous books and artic les. A great number of books have been written about the impacts of religion in identity and human emotions. Thus, it will be rather difficult for Oxford University Press to pursue product differentiation policy in this competitive environment. Sales Figures At this point, Oxford University Press does not provide accurate statistical data about the sales rates of this book. However, the figures provided by such websites as Amazon (2010, unpaged) indicate that this book does not perform very well. Currently, the sales rank of this book is 148,881 (Amazon, 2010, unpaged). This means that there are at least 148,881 books which are selling better than this title. This sales rank indicates that a copy of this book is purchased every one in a week. Overall, one can say that this work can hardly be called a bestseller. Nonetheless, we need to emphasize the point that at the given moment these numbers are definitive. This book was released only 7 weeks ago and this period of time is not suf ficient for conclusive evaluation. Market research conducted by the company One can assume that Oxford University Press carried out in-depth research of the market prior to the publication of this item. First of all, they determine the extent to which this topic has been examined and discussed in scholarly works and identifies the major books that were previously published. Secondly, they determined if this book by Douglas Davies would enjoy demand among the prospective readers. Competitive Environment This book has been launched into a very competitive environment. As it has been said before, there are numerous books, dedicated to this topic. For instance, we can mention the book called Religion and Identity, written by Patrick O’Sullivan (2001) or the work by Sean Oliver-Dee (2009) called Religion and Identify: divided loyalties?Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, there are thousands of books which can be indirectly related to this question. The majority of them belong to the domain of religious studies. Nonetheless, there are several characteristics of this product which can contribute to its success. Such brand as Oxford University Press has always been regarded as a paragon of academic excellence, and this perception can affect the purchasing decisions of the readers. Another difficulty which must not be overlooked is the dissemination of news about this book. Douglas Davies’ book can enjoy demand among readers only if it will be of interest to scholars and teachers. If this book will be used in educational institutions, the demand for it will eventually rise. These are the main external factors that can affect the financial performance of this item. Marketing Mix At this point, it is necessary for us to show how different elements of the marketing mix can be applied to this particular title; in particular, we need to spea k about the product, price, place and promotion. Prior to the launch of any title, the publisher must insure that the book is affordable to the target audience (Woll Raccah, 2010). Secondly, they need to make the product accessible to the customers and a publishing house must have a well-developed distribution network for effective network (Cole, 2004). Finally, the company has to increase the customers’ awareness about this product. In other words, this people need to know that this work was actually published. Most importantly, the publishers must convince the readers that this book really creates value for them. Product Judging from the cover of this title, one can argue that the designers wanted to emphasize the point that this book does tell what exactly the book will be about. Stonehenge servers as a background for the title and this image is familiar to every British readers and it is immediately associated with mystery and secret. This design is supposed to encourage the potential to read the annotation for the book and look through its contents. This cover aims to show that this book is based on in-depth research undertaken by an authoritative scholar, who can bring innovative and well-grounded ideas. Yet, the image of Stonehenge is very ambiguous: it may refer to history, cultural studies, or religion studies. The title of this item and its cover do not show to which academic discipline this book is related. The main drawback that we can detect is that the cover does not tell clearly for whom this book is intended. This is one of the major limitations of this product. Furthermore, we should point out that this book is released in hardcover and paperback. One should bear in mind that hardcover books are more costly, and publishing houses reserve them only for those books or authors whom they expect to be successful. In contrast, paperbacks are less expensive, and they are suitable for those books which may not be read very often since they are more likely to be damaged. Overall, this format enables the publishing house to reduce the costs of production and allows them to make the price more affordable but at the same time, it is less suitable for extensive reading. Thus, it is possible to say that Oxford University Press is not quite sure about the commercial success of this book. Certainly, they expect that customers will read this book more than once but they are not certain about it. One of the details, which attract attention, is poor use of branding. At first glance, one can hardly see that this book was published by Oxford University Press. The brand does not attract the reader’s attention. Price At the given moment, the price of this product is  £65.00; at least one can purchase this book from the official cite of Oxford University Press. However, one should bear in mind that this work is also available in paperback. If a customer chooses to buy it in this format; he/she would have to pay  £20.00 (Oxfor d University Press, 2011, unpaged). Thus, we can say that this publishing house attempts to pursue a flexible pricing policy. Additionally, we need to point out that prices for this book have not declined since the time of its publication. Place The customers can purchase this product from various sales outlets. First of all, we need to speak about various book stores in the United Kingdom. For instance, one can buy this book at Blackwell’s, Waterstones, Foyles, and so forth. Secondly, customers can order this work from the official website of Oxford University Press. Secondly, these book can be obtained from a host of online shops such as Amazon, e-Bay, Books-A-Milan, and so forth. Hence, it is possible for us to say that the publishers have made this book accessible to a large number of customers who may be living not only in the United Kingdom, but in other English-speaking countries as well. Promotion Oxford University Press has taken several steps to increase the custome rs’ awareness about this book. First of all, its release was immediately announced at different web-based shops such as Amazon, Alibris, Barnes Noble, Borders, IndieBound or Books-A-Milan. People, who are searching for information on the Web, especially if they are interested in religion and identity, can run accross this title. Furthermore, the new about the release of this title was released in scientific circles. For instance, this book was presented in Wolfson Research Institute which is a part of Durham University where Douglas Davis works as a Professor of Religious Studies (Durham University, 2011, unpaged). Furthermore, we need to mention that this book was reviewed by the editors of several newspapers. Evidence of sales achieved Although, Oxford University Press has yet to provide financial data about the sales rates of this book, one can say that currently, financial performance of this item leaves much to be desired. In the previous sections, we have mentioned that this book has a very low sale rank, namely 148,881 (Amazon.2011, unpaged). This figure indicates this book does not enjoy considerable demand among the potential customers. On average, a copy of this book is bought one in a week, and this is not the best result. However, we need to consider that Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness is intended for academic audience and low sales rates are not unusual for academic books. Conclusion At this point, it might be too early to judge the commercial success of such book as Emotion, Identity, and Religion Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness. As it has been said before, it was released only two months before and after a certain amount of time, the situation might change. The outcomes of this campaign depend on how this work will be received in scholarly circles. However, at this point, the marketing strategies do not bring the expected results. This can be explained by several factors such as highly competitive envir onment and increasing number of books, dedicated to this topic. However, we need to mention that in this case, the marketing mix was not developed properly, namely inadequate promotion and lack of attention to product development. These are the key reasons why this book does not enjoy considerable demand among customers. Appendixes.  Book Description Title: Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness Author: Douglas J. Davis. Publishing House: Oxford University Press. Publication Date: March 11, 2011 Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.4 x 1.1 inches Categories: Comparative religious studies, sociology, Christian Spirituality. References Amazon. (2011). Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness. Web. Baverstock, A, (1999). How To Market Books. 3rd Edition. Kogan Page Ltd. Blythe. J. (2006) Essentials of marketing communications. London: Pearson Education. Cole. D. 2004. The Complete Guide to Book Marketing. NY: Allworth Communications, Inc. D avies D. 2011. Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Durham University. 2011. â€Å"Emotion, Identity and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity and Otherness†. Web. Giles Clark, 2008. Inside Book Publishing. 4 Edition. London: Routledge. Oliver-Dee. S. (2009). Religion and identity: divided loyalties? Theos. Oxford University Press. 2011. â€Å"Emotion, Identity, and Religion Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness†. Web. Oxford University Press. 2011. The Official Website. Sullivan P. 2001. Religion and Identity. Dublin: Continuum Intl Pub Group. Woll T. Raccah D 2010. Publishing for Profit: Successful Bottom-Line Management for Book Publishers. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. This report on Report on Emotion, Identity, and Religion: Hope, Reciprocity, and Otherness, by Douglas Davies was written and submitted by user FatC0bra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learn How to Properly Apply Gel Coat

Learn How to Properly Apply Gel Coat Applying gel coat correctly is of utmost importance to making aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting end products. If gel coat is not applied properly it ultimately can increase the cost of the product made, as often is the case, cutting corners in this process will not prove to be worth it. How Do Improperly Applied Gel Coats Increase Cost? It depends on a number of parts that get rejected and the work required to fix them. The amount of work and material saved by investing in a proper gel coat application process will pay off in the end. Proper gel coat application includes: Material preparationEquipment calibrationUse of trained spray operatorsAppropriate spray methods Gel coats should be sprayed and not brushed. The equipment used for spraying must be selected carefully and maintained well. Catalyst levels are important to the curing of the gel coat and dependent upon shop conditions. Most gel coats’ ideal catalyst level is 1.8 percent at 77Â °F (25Â °C), however, specific shop conditions may require this number to vary between 1.2 and 3 percent. Environmental factors that may require an adjustment in catalyst levels are: TemperatureHumidityMaterial ageCatalyst brand or type A catalyst level below 1.2 percent or above 3 percent should not be used because the cure of the gel coated can be affected permanently. Product data sheets can give specific catalyst recommendations. There are many catalysts for use in resins and gel coats. Proper catalyst selection is vital. In gel coats, only MEKP-based catalysts should be used. The three active ingredients in a MEKP-based catalyst are: Hydrogen peroxideMEKP monomerMEKP dimmer Each component helps the curing of unsaturated polyesters. The following is each chemical’s specific role: Hydrogen peroxide: starts gelation phase, though does little for a cureMEKP monomer: plays roles in initial cure and overall cureMEKP dimer: active during file cure stage of polymerization, high MEKP dimer typically causes porosity (air entrapping) in gel coats Achieving the correct thickness of a gel coat is imperative as well. A gel coat should be sprayed in three passes for a total wet film thickness of 18 /- 2 mils thickness. Too thin a coating can result in undercure of the gel coat. Too thick a coat can crack when flexed. Spraying gel coat onto vertical surfaces will not cause sag because of its’ thixotropic characteristics. Gel coats will also not entrap air when applied according to instructions. Lamination With all other factors normal, gel coats are ready for laminating within 45 to 60 minutes after catalyzation. The time is dependent upon: TemperatureHumidityCatalyst typeCatalyst concentrationAir movement A slowing of gel and cure occurs with low temperatures, low catalyst concentrations, and high humidity. To test whether a gel coat is ready for lamination touch the film at the lowest part of the mold. It is ready if no material transfers. Always monitor equipment and application procedures to ensure proper application and cure of the gel coat. Material Preparation Gel coat materials come as complete products and not other materials other than catalysts should be added. For product consistency, gel coats should be mixed for 10 minutes before use. Agitation should be enough to allow the product to move all the way to the container walls while preventing as much turbulence as possible. It is imperative not to over-mix. This can decrease thixotropy, which increases sag. Overmixing may also result in styrene loss that can add to porosity. Air bubbling for mixing is not advised. It is ineffective and adds for potential water or oil contamination.