Sexual Violence and Assults on Campus Essay - 793 Words

Despite federal laws issued to combat sexual violence, each year 4,000 college women report to school officials that theyve been sexually assaulted. What happens after they file those reports has stirred debate on campuses across the country, leaving parents and students fearful that colleges may not be the ivory towers of security and integrity that appear on their recruitment pamphlets. Schools vary widely on how they fulfill federal requirements on how to report and respond to sexual victimization. Many colleges in Oregon, including the University of Oregon, have been criticized for attempting to keep campus assault reports under wraps, whether to shield victims from harrowing criminal investigations or to protect their own†¦show more content†¦In a survey of 33 college females who reported being sexually assaulted, the Center found that only four said the hearings led to an expulsion, while the rest said their attackers received lesser penalties, ranging from suspension to social probation. Brett A. Sokolow J.D., the president and CEO of NCHERM Group, a law and consulting practice that provides solutions for safer schools across the nation, says that those numbers are disappointing. It’s already traumatic enough for a young woman to experience a sexual attack. But to find that her university has minimal knowledge of how to appropriately punish her attacker . . . thats an injustice in itself. Sokolow serves as a member on the Advisory Board of the Communities Against Violence Network and has worked with almost 350 different institutions across the nation, from small liberal arts colleges to large state universities, providing in-depth reviews of their criminal conduct codes. I provide these colleges with annual compliance services, mainly with regard to federal laws such as FERPA, the Clery Act, and Title IX, Sokolow said. The consistency of working with these schools enables us to ensure effective practices that can reduce the potential for legal liability and make sure that victims of sexual assault are treated with compassion throughout the investigative and judicial process. That might just be whatShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On A Parent Who Is An Alcoholic1169 Words   |  5 Pagesalmost every single weekend. Every Friday and Saturday people drink on dorms and they are always posting pictures and videos on Instagram. 39% egaged in binge drinking, and 12.7 are heavy drinkers. The consequences include car accidents, assults, sexual assults, AUD, and most commonly academic perforance. Treatment is available to those whom undergo an alcoholic problem. The goal of treatment consists of reducing withdrawal symptoms, preventing cmplications of alcohol use, and threapy to get youRead More The Detrimental Effects of Traditional Bullying and Cyber Bullying 2786 Words   |  12 Pageswith age: sexual harassment, gang attacks, date violence, assult, marital violence, child abuse, workplace harassment, elder abuse. (Pepler Craig, 1997). Sexual bullying not only includes the physical attack, but the gossip of someone’s sexual orientation, using sexual vocabulary to diminish someone, or spreading gossip about someone else’s sexual life. Sexual bullying includes many of the actions typical of bullying behavior with the added actions of exhibitionism, voyeurism, sexual propositioning

Short Story - 929 Words

Unsure how shed take the wrenching of arms behind her back, albeit gently, Brett was comforted by the exclamation of arousal, that was already coming to know from Elena, beginning to be able to tell from just the reaction of her body or the tone of her breathing what turned her on and that, once more, was a surprise to him. Theyd only known each other sexually for a very short while, but it felt longer than that, and a smile flitted across his face as he planted a kiss on her lips. No need to call me Jesus, he teased, before he sunk his entire length into her and the words turned into a gasp of pure arousal and pleasure. Buried in her tight, pussy, it felt a like a perfect fit, each thrust brining a gasp or groan and for his eyes to†¦show more content†¦So, as her body lifted against his, and she came, he drove his cock deeper inside her, savouring the way she clenched and spamsed arouns his throbbing shaft and released a scream of pleasure as he releaed, shooting his load i nside her. Holy fuck. His eyes bright with pleasure, lips swollen from their kisses and every nerve in his body on glorious fire, he collapsed on top of her Elena, letting out another little groan and moan as each movement of her body or pussy elicited a sensation of combined pleasure and soreness in his softening cock. After a minute or two, he groaned, gathering up enough energy to pull out his arms from under her body and prop himself up on his elbows over her. He stared at her for a minute with a gentless that he hadnt previously displayed, unsure if she could see him through her half-lidded eyes, and enjoying what a gorgeous sight she was in her post-orgams bliss. Her question had surprised him, but he knew the answer, despite common-sense telling him that he should refuse. He wanted her to stay, to sleep in his bed, to hold Elena in his arms and wake up to the warmth of her naked body against hiss. Slowly, he groaned, then rolled over, onto his back, next to her, heads on adjacent pillows . Im too tired to throw you out now. He managed a wink, then kicked the sheets down the bed, before gathering them up in his hands and drawing them over their bodies. So, as long as you dont mind if I sleep, you can stay as longShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Childhood Obesity - Crisis And The Cure

Question: Discuss about is to look at the obesity of the children, highlighting the main causes of the obesity and its effects on the children? Answer: Introduction The main aim of the assignment is to look at the obesity of the children, highlighting the main causes of the obesity and its effects on the children. BMI has been considered as one type of measurement, which has been used in order to determine the obesity among the children. The previous research in the past decades has shown the facts that the children in both of the rural and the urban areas have been suffering from the malnutrition. On the other hand, Han et al. (2010) have shown that since the past few decades, it has been observed that most of the children have been suffering from obesity ad it is occurring due to the reason of the excessive fatness. The distribution of the Body Mass Index has been shifted in a skewed manner and it has been observed that the heaviest children have been suffering from the higher amount of the health risks. In most of the developing nations like UK , it has been observed that the children have been sufferings form the obesity and they mainly belongs to the upper strata of the family that is they belongs to the richer parents. The childhood obesity causes different types of the side effects like the hypertensions, blood clotting, chronic inflammation and the different types of the cardiac diseases (Gupta et al. 2012). Causes and the effects of Obesity The research highlights that the weight of the body have been regulated with the help of the different types of the physiological management. The positive energy can be maintained only if the child gets the minimum calorie of around 120kcal. It helps in increasing the body mass within the children of around 50 kg (Fonseca et al. 2009). Some of the genetic factors as well as some of the prenatal factors also leads to the problem of obesity among the children. The different types of the genetic mutations cause the obesity among the children (DeRuyter et al. 2012). Television: The television has also an adverse impact on the children and it have increased the obesity among the children. The research have highlighted that the children consumed the higher amounts of the energy consumption foods through the medium of television. With the help of the television, it has been observed that the children have been more exposed towards the consumption of the fast foods, soft drinks and the sweet cereals at the time of the breakfast. The advertisement regarding the fruits and the vegetables have not been advertized properly on the television and for this reason, the children not able to gather the adequate amount of knowledge regarding the proper dietary patterns (Reinehr,2011). Fast Food: The higher amount of consumption of the fast foods by the children mostly in the developing and the developed countries like UK leads to the cause of obesity among the children. It has been observed that these kinds of food lacked the proper amount of the micronutrients and the antioxidants. These kinds of food also contain the lesser amount of fibers and for this reason, most of the children in UK have been suffering from the cardiac diseases. The fast food meals like the French fries , burgers , desserts contains the higher amount of the calories of around 2200 kcal and it can be only be burned with the full marathon race (Cawley and Liu ,2012). Family Factors: The interactions in between the children and the parents also lead to the problem of obesity. From the past few decades it has been observed that the family patterns have been changed overtime and now a days, the family parents along with their children eats out in the restaurant and for that reason , the children have been gaining more amount of energy due to eating out in the restaurants. Some of the psychological factors as well as the physical activities also lead to the obesity issues among the children (Gundersen et al. 2009). Physical Activity: In most of the developing and the developed countries like UK, it has been observed that the children have failed in maintaining the proper dietary schedule. The cross sectional findings that has been made in the South California have highlighted that most of the children have spend the lesser amounts of time in the physical activities. It has also been observed that they consumed the higher amount of the calorie products daily, which ultimately leads to an issue of the overweight among the children. It has been observed that the television viewing has been considered as one of the important reason for the issues obesity problem among the children. Sedentary lifestyles: The consumption of the energy through the videogames, television, and internet have increased the amount of obesity among the children and the research shows that around 75% of the children in UK are not physically active. In most of the schools, it has been observed that they are providing the health studies to the children but due to the lack of proper tools, the equipments, and the large volume of the class not leading to the successful programmes. Solutions in order to overcome the obesity Intervention made by the schools: The efforts can be made by the management of the school authorities in order to train the children to avoid the obesity problem. One of the interdisciplinary curriculum namely Planet Health have aimed in reducing the excessive consumption of the fatty foods and to consume the more amount of fruits and the vegetables in order to develop the physical abilities of the children. The authority need to provide the different types of the playground facilities to the children where they can be able to reduce their excessive weights through the process of playing games in the fields. The Pathways programme has been considered as one of the important effort in order to reduce the fat among the children and it has been considered as one of the co-operative programme (Daz et al. 2010). In many cases, it has been observed that the authority of the schools has been conducted the different types of the food programmes where they are providing the foods to the children including the fast foods. By this way, they have generated the higher amount of money but it have ultimately affected the life of the children. Conclusion The improved family based and the school based programmes need to be designed in order to control some of the heal issues like obesity. The entire chapter highlights that the different types of the biological difficulties have also been leading to the pediatric obesity. The financial investment need to be made in such a way so that the society can be able to gain the higher amount of the facilities in the long run. Reference List Han, J. C., Lawlor, D. A., and Kimm, S. Y. (2010). Childhood obesity.The Lancet,375(9727), 1737-1748. Gupta, N., Goel, K., Shah, P., and Misra, A. (2012). Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention.Endocrine Reviews,33(1), 48-70. Fonseca, H., Matos, M. G., Guerra, A., and Gomes Pedro, J. (2009). Are overweight and obese adolescents different from their peers?.International Journal of Pediatric Obesity,4(3), 166-174. Reinehr, T. (2011). Thyroid function in the nutritionally obese child and adolescent.Current opinion in pediatrics,23(4), 415-420. Gundersen, C., Garasky, S., and Lohman, B. J. (2009). Food insecurity is not associated with childhood obesity as assessed using multiple measures of obesity.The Journal of nutrition,139(6), 1173-1178. Daz, R. G., Esparza-Romero, J., Moya-Camarena, S. Y., Robles-Sardn, A. E., and Valencia, M. E. (2010). Lifestyle intervention in primary care settings improves obesity parameters among Mexican youth.Journal of the American Dietetic Association,110(2), 285-290. Cawley, J., and Liu, F. (2012). Maternal employment and childhood obesity: A search for mechanisms in time use data.Economics Human Biology,10(4), 352-364. de Ruyter, J. C., Olthof, M. R., Seidell, J. C., and Katan, M. B. (2012). A trial of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children.New England Journal of Medicine,367(15), 1397-1406.

Impact of Racism on Aboriginal Health - myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. How would you explain the impact of racism as a social determinant of Aboriginal health? 2. What benefits do you gain from working effectively with Aboriginal people? Answers: 1. Racism has been a social evil in most of the countries in the recent few years. The people in the African countries have suffered a lot because of the racism in the European world. The black skinned people have been the victims of the so called educated and civilized world. It is of no shame to disclose that the people who are the victims of racism often suffer from the serious illnesses and they do not have the rights to make their treatments (Kelaher 2014). The aboriginal people or the Torres Strait islanders are also the victims of racism in many ways. They are deprived of the primary facilities that should be provided to them as they are the backward class. However, their children do not get those benefits that they should get (Nelson 2009). There are several things that should be looked upon in this context. It is definitely a matter of concern that the aboriginal people and the Torres Strait islanders are suffering from various diseases. These diseases are very infectious and the children are getting ill very rapidly as they do not have that much restriction power (Kelaher, Ferdinand and Paradies 2014). Everyone is well aware of the fact that the life expectancy of the indigenous Australians is well below the common Australians. They suffer from several health problems just because they do not have the proper access to the mitigation of the health issues. The root cause for this can definitely be racism (Durey, Thompson and Wood 2012). There are indeed some definite reasons as to why the health problems for the aboriginal people have arisen in the last few years. The principal reasons are the aboriginal and indigenous people in Australia have not been able to get the proper access to the most necessary things in order to get the benefits (Kelaher, Ferdinand and Paradies 2014). These things are the facilities of education, job employment, medical care facilities and housing. There are very few schools in the Torres Strait islands. These people are completely deprived of these facilities indeed. They are very much exposed to the to the risk factors that are associated with the health problems like the much intake of junk food, foods with the toxic materials inside them and others (Calma and Priday 2011). This is why the aboriginal people and mostly the aboriginal children are in a great danger indeed. The studies have found that too much stress has led to the ill mental health of the original people. This has a negat ive cognitive reaction on the mental health of the aboriginal people (Gair 2013). There are many instances where it has been found that the aboriginal people are mostly engaged in the unhealthy activities like drinking of alcohol, too much smoking and serious addiction to drugs. These are the reasons the aboriginal people are always prone to get ill. The physiological systems of the aboriginal people have been hampered because the immunity system is getting damaged (Bessarab and Crawford 2012). Many serious cardiovascular problems have been noticed as well. In fact these aboriginal people are being physically assaulted as well because the racist issues. As the aboriginal or indigenous Australian people are deprived of the proper housing facilities, they do not get to meet their healthy activities like sleep, exercise and taking of the proper medicines (Herring et al. 2013). It has been from the examples that the indigenous or aboriginal people face several threats of death when they are admitted to the hospitals (Kelaher 2014). Some aboriginal people are also of the opinion that they will receive the ill treatment in the hospitals if they are admitted. This is simply because they believe the civilized people will make fun of them and they will lose all the self-confidence indeed (Zufferey 2012). The matter of ethnicity becomes a larger prospect in this matter as well. The common Australians think that they do not have the proper etiquettes that should be followed in a civilized society. The problem is the fact that they have their own etiquettes. The hospitals in Australia are built on the Western biomedical model. The hospitals are mainly managed and acquired by the white skinned civilized hospitals. This is why the aboriginals face the racist comments all over the country. The aboriginals face the language problem very much. The impact of colonisation has been there as well. This impact has left them separated from the cultural beliefs, practices, family cultures and many more from the mainland people (Cass et al. 2004). This has been an elemental thing for the people named aboriginals. They are facing several health problems because of this racism. The racism is not only about the skin color but it is also about the race and ethnicity of the people indeed. 2. Aboriginal people are the tribal people of Australia. They are the section of society representating the Australian cultural heritage. Working with them is a great priviledge for me. This is in terms of gaining more insight into the Australian culture. I have listened to their music and it is very soothing, relaxing my mind. I wish to work on this topic to provide a platform to the Aborginal music to give shape to their talents. This would uplift their standards in the society. I think education is one of the other dimensions, which enhances the living standards of the Australian tribes, especially the Aboriginal people. In the process of preserving the education rights of the Aboriginal children, my preconceieved skills, expertise and knowledge have enriched. Here I can relate the statement, that age is no bar for increasing the knowledge. Being a social worker, I am learning many things about culture from the Aboriginal people, with which I was previously unfamiliar. There is a perception that students lack the attribute of empathy for the Aboriginal men. However, my working with these people negates this perception. Investigating their life story has filled me with sympathy for them. I empathise with them in terms of being the victim of racial discrimination. I am very much concerned about the health issues, which they encounter as a result of being entrapped in the social malice of racial discrimination. Providing them with quality accommodation has compelled me to realize the intensity of such a malice, which affects the individualism. This perception has compelled me to introspect my life in terms of fulfilling the identified goals and objectives. Working with the Aboriginal people has highlighted before me the issue of improper treatment, which these marginalized people are compelled to encounter. This has enhanced my clarity regarding the demarcations between the richer and the poorer strata of society. I think these people belong to the mainstream society and need to be given the due respect. This is in terms of the contribution, which they are making towards maintaining the cultural diversity. I would encourage all of my colleagues to indulge in seeking innovative means for uplifting the standards of these people from the harsh blows of such malice. Changing the mentality would result in the achievement of positive outcomes and create a better place for the Aboriginal people in exposing their individual talents. References Bessarab, D. and Crawford, F., 2012. Trauma, grief and loss: The vulnerability of Aboriginal families in the child protection system. InOur Voices: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Work(pp. 93-113). Palgrave MacMillan. Calma, T. and Priday, E. (2011). Putting Indigenous Human Rights into Social Work Practice.Australian Social Work, 64(2), pp.147-155. Cass, A., Devitt, J., Preece, C., Cunningham, J., Anderson, K., Snelling, P., Eris, J. and Ayanian, J., 2004. Barriers to access by Indigenous Australians to kidney transplantation: the IMPAKT study.Nephrology,9(s4). Durey, A., Thompson, S.C. and Wood, M., 2012. Time to bring down the twin towers in poor Aboriginal hospital care: addressing institutional racism and misunderstandings in communication.Internal medicine journal,42(1), pp.17-22. Gair, S. (2013). Inducing Empathy: Pondering Students' (In)Ability to Empathize With an Aboriginal Man's Lament and What Might Be Done About It.Journal of Social Work Education, 49(1), pp.136-149. Kelaher, M.A., 2014. Experiencing racism in health care: the mental health impacts for Victorian Aboriginal communities.Education,55(56), pp.8-3. Kelaher, M.A., Ferdinand, A.S. and Paradies, Y., 2014. Experiencing racism in health care: the mental health impacts for Victorian Aboriginal communities.The Medical journal of Australia,201(1), pp.44-47. Nelson, A. (2009). Learning from the past, looking to the future: Exploring our place with Indigenous Australians.Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 56(2), pp.97-102. Ward, J., Bryant, J., Worth, H., Hull, P., Solar, S. and Bailey, S., 2013. Use of health services for sexually transmitted and blood-borne viral infections by young Aboriginal people in New South Wales.Australian journal of primary health,19(1), pp.81-86. Zufferey, C. (2012). Not knowing that I donot know and not wanting to know: Reflections of a white Australian social worker.International Social Work, 56(5), pp.659-673.

Types of Thinking Styles

Thinking Styles: Optimistic, Pessimistic, and Emotional One of the key avenues of concern in critical and creative thinking is the recognition, acknowledgement, and appreciation of the influence of human factor to the thought process of each individual. A broad spectrum of factors, therefore, exists bearing a mark on the manner in which human beings think.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Types of Thinking Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Examples of such factors are culture, emotion, stress, ego, among others. The discipline of critical and creative thinking strives to direct the attention of each person on the invaluable role played by these factors in making of decisions. This paper analyses, and compares and contrasts optimistic thinking, pessimistic thinking, and emotional thinking. Optimistic thinking is the type of thinking in which a person chooses to align his/her thoughts on the positive side of life regardless of how gloomy things look. People who have optimistic thoughts normally reassure themselves that all is well in any condition they find themselves. This, of course, has its advantages and disadvantages. Pessimistic thinking is the opposite of optimistic thinking. It refers to a style of thinking in which an individual sees the negative side of situations. In good and bad situations, such a person will always have something to get him/her worried. This obviously has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages is that such a person will be able to anticipate challenges, and plan on how to overcome them. Emotional thinking is the style of thinking that is driven by what a person feels at a particular point in time (Martin, 2010, p. 1). For instance, if a person is feeling depressed, this style of thinking will attract thoughts of hopelessness and other related thoughts. The three thinking styles are largely similar. One of their similarities is the fact that the three thinking styles stem from the disposition of the particular individual with whom they are associated. For instance, an emotional person is likely to have an emotional thinking style; a pessimistic person is likely to have a pessimistic thinking style while an optimistic person is likely to have an optimistic thinking style (Pritchett, 2007, p. 1). In addition to this, emotional and pessimistic thinking styles are likely to have more negative influences on an individual than the optimistic thinking style. This is because the thinking style of a person is a key determinant of the appropriateness and success of actions that he/she takes in order to make a situation better.Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way a person perceives and thinks after succeeding in a certain thing is also a determinant factor of future success. A person with an emotional thinking style m ay for example over-celebrate an instance of success leading to future failures. It is however important to note that despite the fact that the optimistic thinking style is generally better as compared to the other two, it has its weaknesses. A person with an optimistic thinking style may take things for granted while assuming that all will be well. This may lead to a failure that will take him/her by surprise. After repeated failures, such a person may even develop a negative disposition like being emotional. This may make him/her an emotional thinker (Martin, 2010, p. 1). It is, therefore, important to note that dispositions are not static. Therefore, a person may have more than one of the three thinking styles during his/her lifetime. Reference List Martin, P. (2010). Explanatory Style – Optimism/Pessimism. Retrieved from  http://stresscourse.tripod.com/id103.html [November 4, 2011] Pritchett, P. (2007). How pessimism can add value to our work, Hard Optimism. Retrieved f rom  http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2007/aug/28book.htm [November 4, 2011] This assessment on Types of Thinking Styles was written and submitted by user Margaret Lyons to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Museum Essay

Museum Exhibit Comparison and Critique Culture, as defined by Webster’s Dictionary, is a form of civilization, beliefs, arts, and customs. While this definition may be broad enough to cover most cultures it would be an insufficient definition if it would be used to describe the Cajun community. As my various trips to the three museums have taught me the Cajun way of life is rich in heritage from all over, it is filled with intriguing tales, and most importantly it is still preserved proudly in Eunice. Preserved and displayed so well that I became so interested that I nearly forgot that I was visiting these museums as an assignment. The stories behind the exhibits were fascinating and the perfectly preserved exhibits were astonishing. It was nearly as if I was stepping back in time. It was truly an understanding and learning experience whenever I got a chance to bring my grandmother and grandfather along. It allowed me to see beyond the exhibits, and into a part of their past that I had never been so thorough ! ly exposed to. The first museum I visited was the Cajun Music Hall of Fame. This museum is small and not the least bit flashy. To the naked eye it is a low budget museum, consisting of one room and lots of Cajun music memorabilia. While to the optimistic one eye it is year’s worth of valuable Cajun culture, priceless memories, and a genuine â€Å"Saturday morning† Cajun atmosphere. The original instruments, the 8x10 pictures of the hall of fame members, and the enchanting tales only add to the charm of the museum. Upon my first visit there (one of three) I was greeted by the companionable and helpful Ms. Pitre, her kind voice and eager desire to spread to spread the Cajun heritage was very inviting to me. She relieved all the worries that I previously had about not finding the museum interesting. The first exhibit she showed me was her deceased husband’s, Austin Pitre. A famous Cajun musician who was inducte... Free Essays on Museum Essay Free Essays on Museum Essay Museum Exhibit Comparison and Critique Culture, as defined by Webster’s Dictionary, is a form of civilization, beliefs, arts, and customs. While this definition may be broad enough to cover most cultures it would be an insufficient definition if it would be used to describe the Cajun community. As my various trips to the three museums have taught me the Cajun way of life is rich in heritage from all over, it is filled with intriguing tales, and most importantly it is still preserved proudly in Eunice. Preserved and displayed so well that I became so interested that I nearly forgot that I was visiting these museums as an assignment. The stories behind the exhibits were fascinating and the perfectly preserved exhibits were astonishing. It was nearly as if I was stepping back in time. It was truly an understanding and learning experience whenever I got a chance to bring my grandmother and grandfather along. It allowed me to see beyond the exhibits, and into a part of their past that I had never been so thorough ! ly exposed to. The first museum I visited was the Cajun Music Hall of Fame. This museum is small and not the least bit flashy. To the naked eye it is a low budget museum, consisting of one room and lots of Cajun music memorabilia. While to the optimistic one eye it is year’s worth of valuable Cajun culture, priceless memories, and a genuine â€Å"Saturday morning† Cajun atmosphere. The original instruments, the 8x10 pictures of the hall of fame members, and the enchanting tales only add to the charm of the museum. Upon my first visit there (one of three) I was greeted by the companionable and helpful Ms. Pitre, her kind voice and eager desire to spread to spread the Cajun heritage was very inviting to me. She relieved all the worries that I previously had about not finding the museum interesting. The first exhibit she showed me was her deceased husband’s, Austin Pitre. A famous Cajun musician who was inducte...

Willy from Death of a Salesman, and Hickey from The Iceman Cometh Essay

Willy from Death of a Salesman, and Hickey from The Iceman Cometh - Essay Example Willy becomes entrenched in a quagmire of lies, delusions and self-deception, which ultimately leads him to commit suicide. Theodore Hickman (Hickey), the principal character in Eugene O’Neill’s â€Å"The Iceman Cometh† is a smooth-talking salesman. He comes to Harry Hope’s saloon preaching the gospel of salvation, exhorting his drunken friends to divest themselves of their â€Å"pipe dreams† of tomorrow and make peace with themselves. Hickey’s murder of the tomorrow dreams will bring ruin to the bar, thus Hickey’s advent is the advent of the â€Å"Iceman† or Death. We learn later that Hickey has brought death to his own house, murdering his wife. When he confesses to the murder, Hickey’s gospel of salvation reveals itself as its own pipe dream, a delusion that lets him evade his guilt over his crime. While both characters are salesmen, they differ in temperament and outlook. Willy Loman is an insecure, self-deluded salesman who desperately believes in the American Dream but never achieves it. The fact that he uses gardening as a metaphor for success and failure indicates that he subconsciously acknowledges that his chosen profession is a poor choice, given his natural inclinations (Willy tells Stanley in Act II: â€Å"Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground.†). Here, the garden functions as a substitute for his failed career and his son Biff’s wayward career. Willy Loman is a dreamer, dreaming of a better life as promised by the American Dream. He dreams about being a super salesman like his hero Dave Singleman, a mythic salesman who achieved great fame and popularity. Willy visualizes having people remember and love him, considering it the ultimate satisfaction (Willy tells Howard Wagner in Act II: â€Å"And when I saw that, I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want. ‘Cause what could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of

The Developing Person Through the Life Span Essay

The Developing Person Through the Life Span - Essay Example Joey was all the time thinking about the kindness, love and care of the husband and selfishness of the druggist. To him, morality was more than everything and he expected people to be good to each other. He was more concerned about the persons’ character and emotions toward each other which made me decide to put him in stage 3. Part 2 The adolescent was in stage 2 of identity foreclosure. What made me decide this was his reply: â€Å"My mother has always wanted me to become a doctor so I guess I am going to pursue this career. She says doctors make a lot of money and she so much wants me to get into medicine.† When a child prefers others’ choices for himself, he is in identity stage 2 (Berger). Joey did not seem to have explored all the career options nor was he very much acquainted with other career fields because he had always in his mind that he had to grow up to be a doctor as per his mother’s wishes. Joey was excited and satisfied about his career cho ice. Part 3 Joey’s parents exhibit an authoritative style of parenting. Joey replied, â€Å"Dad would say†¦look, staying out at late hours is not good†¦because Sammy (younger brother) would also do the same then. And mommy would say she was going to miss me.†

FedEx The Success Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

FedEx The Success Story - Essay Example This paper looks at these aspects in detail. The enduring success of FedEx has been in part due to the wisdom, knowledge and information imparted towards the employees in helping them gain a better understanding and applying a number of company principles and policies. The philosophy at FedEx has always been People, Service, Profit. People always come first. A deep understanding of what makes people tick, their inner psychology, motivations, desires and aspirations are key factors that the company strives to take into account when dealing with them. As people everywhere are varied, FedEx accepts their diversity and understands that each individual must be handled differently. The company attempts to find a common ground between itself and the customer where both mutually agree on terms and conditions and are satisfied with the business goals. The second point is service. To maintain long term customer relationship, the company makes sure that its own philosophy, work practices are sound and credible. When its own employees and leaders are comfortable with the system and have understood it fully, they are able to serve the customer better. The service side of the business is always scrutinized and made adaptable to a changing economic environment. FedEx maintains quality control at every level from the handlers to the customer service representatives. The third aspect is profit. Without the first two factors in place and functioning properly, profits may be affected. FedEx uses cutting edge technology and analytical systems to ensure that the company is on the right course. Variations in profit margins are evaluated and set against the backdrop of the bigger competitive economic picture and also internal company practices. If need be, a revision of policies are made. The company might also look into the process of innovation and how it can be improved upon. The underlying pattern in FedEx is constant change and adaptation. FedEx recognizes the changing world and business environment and in order to be a part of the evolution process, they have continually evaluated business models and strategies. The company regularly studies market trends and the competition and attempts to stay one step ahead. As their customer base expands and a diverse range of people have varied number of requirements, customer satisfaction is very important and FedEx has addressed the expectations and desires of its customers. FedEx has also recognized that the present global economy is extremely competitive and preserving a status quo would not suffice. In order to grow, the company strives to change constantly. This means being flexible in organizational procedures. Rather than sticking rigidly to company policies, an open more adaptable policy towards change has taken place at FedEx. FedEx's growth depends on successfully meeting and anticipating varying customer's requirements in a competitively differentiated manner. Competitive differentiation works on planning and providing customer value offers that are of better-quality that those offered by the competition and which are considered to be a better investment. In designing customer value propositions, each department and employee is directly or indirectly participates in the development. As people are involved in the innovation process, FedEx employees are expected to believe that

Behaviour Modification Case Studies

Behaviour Modification Case Studies BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION SOPHIA A. JOHNSON 24 year old Marla suffers from extreme fear of social situations, she is employed to an advertising firm where she is expected to interact in multiple social setting as a means of networking. Marla is afraid if she does not get help she may lose her job. Marla is suffering from a fear of social situations, the operant behavior is her inability function in a social setting such as maintaining eye contact, she holds her head down, eyes lowered and her words are often inaudible. She often displays a slight nervous shaking almost in a trembling manner and her palms also becomes moist and sweaty making it socially inappropriate to shake hands. A flushed complexion also results from being in any social situations. This extreme fear of social situation is overcome by Marla escaping or engaging in an avoidance response known as the operant behavior, which is exhibited when the fear producing-stimulus (social settings) is present. In this case study Marla’s respondent behavior we see where she is unable to function in any social situation and prior to being employed she was able to avoid attendance to social events or gatherings. When Marla is in a social situation or functions this known as the CS (conditioned stimulus) that causes the CR (conditioned responses) which is fear or anxiety. Respondent behavior aids in the development of an anxiety problem by how the fear is able to be developed through conditioning as a result of the response received when the fear is encountered. Such as Marla avoiding going to parties or attending functions or public events. Systematic and in-vivo desensitization are from a list of techniques used to modify the behavior of those suffering from fear or anxiety. Systematic desensitization was developed by Joseph Wolfe and â€Å"practices relaxation while imagining scenes of the fear producing stimulus†, (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 480). There are three steps for a successful systematic desensitization technique to be effective, learnt relaxation skills, hierarchy list of fear producing stimuli’s and use of both relaxation and fear producing stimuli’s being repeatedly shared with the client until the fear is extinct. In-vivo desensitization differs in that it moves beyond imagining to actually exposing the client to that which he/she fears, the client must then learn to remain relaxed and use the substituted reaction while engaging in the experience of fear or anxiety. One advantage of systematic desensitization is its ease and convenience for the client, not an immediate interaction with the fear. The disadvantage is that the client may be able to maintain composer while imaging the fear but is unable to follow through of maintaining the relaxation technique when faced with the real stimuli. (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 485), notes that the most effective of the two are usually in-vivo desensitization, the advantage of choosing this method is the encounter is real and allows for the fear to be addressed on the spot and any adjustment to the relaxation technique can be noted or corrected. The disadvantage however, is it is difficult depending on the type of fear and can be time consuming and expensive for both client and therapist. Marla’s Behavior Modification Procedure Relaxation techniques deep breathing, head up and maintain eye contact she will learn to take (rapid, shallow breaths that come from her chest and quietly exhales to decrease her heart rate and calm the nervousness). Create a list of Marla’s fears with rating scale for effectively facing fears and utilizing respondent techniques starting with family gatherings (20), school functions (20) office gatherings (20), and work functions (40). Practice the relaxation techniques by doing a mock function at the therapy center, then have Marla host a small party at home for family and friends, attend office gatherings and move unto the business functions). Using the in-vivo desensitization behavior modification procedure to help Marla deal with her fear of social situations, this procedure was chosen because it was time sensitive for the client to have her fear under control as if affected her job functioning. The hierarchy was chosen by first using a familiar surroundings and group to give her the support and opportunity to practice the relaxation techniques without fear of incidents, then she would move on to less comfortable situations as she gained confidence she would finally be allowed to attend a business function and face her biggest platform for her fear. It is expected that through each mock stage the alternative response will replace the fear response. Other ABA-based treatment that can be used to decrease fear and anxiety are flooding which is the process of â€Å"exposing the individual to the feared stimulus at full intensity for a prolonged period†, there is also modeling which is used with children it allows a â€Å"child to observe another person approaching the feared stimulus or engaging in the feared activity, which hopefully helps the child to then be more likely to engage in similar behavior† (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 486) The different procedures are dependent on the type, level and degree of fear as well as the age of the person being treatment, often times multiple treatment options may have to be used to successfully help the individual overcome their fear. 6 year old Jon has a hair pulling habit/ self-stimulatory behavior, he is of normal intelligence and is known to only engage in the behavior while being inactive, this can be while watching television, quiet time in school, or waiting in line with his parents. Target behavior of hair pulling defined as the fingers-to-hair contact with or without a pulling motion and twirling. It also includes taking hand to head and grabbing a hand full of hair in a continuous downward motion. (Miltenberger, 2012), defines a behavior excess as an â€Å"undesirable target behaviorthe person wants to decrease in frequency, duration, or intensity†. In the case of Jon, we would like to decrease or eliminate the number of times he engages in hair pulling while inactive. Short-term implications that may affect Jon is that he may have headaches from the continuous pulling of his hair or scalp irritation may occur. He may also engage in pulling the hair of others causing harm. The long-term implications are bald spots or trichotillomania. (Functional Analysis and Treatment of Chronic Hair Pulling in a Child with Cri du Chat Syndrome: Effects on Co-Occurring Thumb Sucking, 2008) Since the sensory stimulation from manipulating his hair between his thumb fingers reinforces Jon’s behavior, a recommended habit reversal inclusive of â€Å"awareness training, a competing response training, social support, generalization strategies, and motivational strategies† (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 516) will be used. Based on the information share we are aware of the times that the hair pulling occur, we now need to engage Jon and his caregivers into becoming aware of the moments leading up to the hair pulling. Once awareness training has been established we can engage in a competing response training using the differential reinforcement method of reinforcing Jon non-hair pulling with praise and a token system. Social support of his caregiver using cues such as hands from hair, or no pulling of hair, or giving him a book to color while they wait in line, or hands in lap as he sits during quiet time will help to reinforce the desirable behavior. Use of motivational strategies such as letting him know how neat and nice his hair looks can help to dissuade him from engaging in hair-pulling. If Jon had an intellectual disability and was unable to comprehend why pulling his hair is bad, I would utilize a different habit reversal procedure to increase its effectiveness, I would suggesting keeping his hair short to alleviate his hair pulling action. Since hair pulling is often maintained due to automatic reinforcement using other appropriate methods of removing the stimulation received from the action will aid in reducing behavior. References Functional Analysis and Treatment of Chronic Hair Pulling in a Child with Cri du Chat Syndrome: Effects on Co-Occurring Thumb Sucking. (2008). Retrieved from Association for Behavior Analysis International: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846574/ Miltenberger, R. (2012). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures. 5th Edition. Wadsworth.

Amsterdams Architecture Over The Ages :: European Europe History

Amsterdam's Architecture Over The Ages Amsterdam has witnessed many architectural changes during its existence as a capital. From its earliest canal houses to its recent "modernisation", it is a widespread array of fascinating design and architecture. Throughout this short guide, I wish to take you through these ages, demonstrating the designs, the reasons for them, the way of living and the way the architecture developed around the community. This guide focuses mainly on the last one hundred years, looking in depth at the gradual changes made to this great city, and its surrounding areas. I will also look at the great architectural achievements made over time in this area, looking at their design purposes and influences. Older architecture Central Amsterdam ages back to over 700 years, but most of the buildings seen today were built in Amsterdam's "Golden age", about 250-500 years ago. The "Golden age" was the period when most of what is now known as central Amsterdam was built. Some people think it is Amsterdam's best architectural achievement. Probably the most prominent building built within this time period is the canal house. These line all the canals in the centre of Amsterdam. Every canal house was built to be unique from any other, though built with the same shape, each one was personalised with an ornamental piece, such as the gables and plaques. Another method was to put very decorative carvings on the "neck" of a house. This is called "necking". The picture on the right is an excellent example of necking. Due to the swamp like quality of the reclaimed land under Amsterdam, it was very hard to build buildings. Because of this wooden stilts were used to support the houses. They were driven into the wet ground before construction for support. Now due to the wet ground some of these supports are rotting, causing houses to tilt and sink into the earth. The picture on the left is of a house on the Keizergracht, it has gradually sunk into the ground over the years causing it to lean sideways. During the time period in which these houses were built, your house taxes depended on the frontage. Meaning your taxes were determined by the width of your house. Therefore the sneaky Dutch built their houses deep and narrow to avoid severe taxing. For this same reason the staircases are very narrow and low, making it impossible to take furniture up and down them.

Neher and Sandin

How does one come to have the character and practical wisdom to know what is ethically required in one's communication with others? In the Navy we have an â€Å"Ethos† and part of it states, â€Å"integrity is the foundation of our conduct, respect for others is fundamental to our character, decisive leadership is crucial to our success†. This mirrors in part with what Newer and Sanding (2007) state, â€Å"the person who has integrity or good character relies on his or her good judgment to act ethically in each given situation†, (p. 7).I don't believe one is born with the traits of a virtuous person, these are learned through the actions of others particularly the parent. â€Å"Set the example and do the right thing even when you think no one is looking', I can't tell you how many times I have uttered these words to my Sailors and my boys. But I know it is my actions that both are scrutinizing. For example, I was once offered to have a course marked as complete by a First Class Petty Officer because he commented on how busy he knew I was and was sure I had employed the course several times during my time in the service.I quickly responded with, â€Å"that it wasn't necessary for him to that and I would complete the course like he and the others in my department had done†. Later he told me he was testing me because he was looking for a mentor. Actions speak volumes for your character. As for the second part of the question, I believe character and practical wisdom are developed through those we Interact with and experiences we have In life.We gain practical wisdom from every situation we are Involved In and how we Andre the situation develops our character In the eyes of those who observe our actions. As Aristotle stated, â€Å"sound, practical wisdom and sound character must always be the gulled In these situations†, (Newer & Sandal, 2007, p. 30).

Function Prototypes in C and C++

Function Prototypes in C and C++ A function prototype is a declaration in C and C of a function, its name, parameters and return type  before its actual declaration. This enables the compiler to perform more robust type checking. Because the function prototype tells the compiler what to expect, the compiler is better able to flag any functions that dont contain the expected information. A function prototype omits the function body. Unlike a full function definition, the prototype terminates in a semi-colon. For example: intgetsum(float * value) ; Prototypes are most often used in header files- although they could appear anywhere in a program. This allows external functions in other files to be called and the compiler to check the parameters during compilation. Purposes A function prototype ensures that calls to a function are made with the correct number and types of arguments.A function prototype specifies the number of arguments.It states the data type of each of the passed arguments.It gives the order in which the arguments are passed to the function. The function prototype tells the compiler what to expect, what to give to the function and what to expect from the function. Benefits Prototypes save debugging time.Prototypes prevent problems that occur when you compile using functions that were not declared.When function overloading occurs, the prototypes distinguish which function version to call.

Compare 3 Stories essays

Compare 3 Stories essays The storeys that I will be righting about all have children in. The pieces I have decided to Wright about are The living, Through the tunnel, A message from the pig man. Through the tunnel is written by Doris lessing it is about a young boy of eleven how goes on holiday with his mum. This piece is also about the boy struggling to be accepted and grow up. The living is written by Mary Lavin it is about two boys how try to prove to each other how grown up they are by visiting a wake. The story is about boys trying to out do each other. A message from the pig man is written by Jhone Wain and it is about a young boy of age about six trying to come to terms with his mother and father braking up and how his imagination runs wild and how he learns to face all his fears. All three pieces are about young boys and how they face a problem and childhood. The boys in each piece seem to have loving parents and they also seem to love them a lot this is shown by each character. As in A message from a pig man you can see the boy loves his father as he says so long as it left the spare room free for dad to sleep in. He says this as he wants his dad to stay with him and his mum but his parents are getting divorced so his dad is moving out but Eric loves him and does not want him to leave. This shows us that Eric is to young to understand why his dad must move out. Erics father also loves him, as he wants to make him happy so hey bys him a train set. This is also shown in Through the tunnel as you can see that the mother loves her son as she tries to let him grow up by letting him go to a beach on his own. You can see that see worries by the way see thinks to her self and the questions she asks for example of course he is old enough to be safe with! out me and have I been keeping him to close. The boy also loves his mum as he checks on her regale to see that see is still there and that she is safe. The lo...

Police Officers' Problems in the 21st Century Research Paper

Police Officers' Problems in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example Issues like international terrorism have become burning issues for the Police. The old model of policing has changed and the way the role of Police was perceived has changed too. Access to information, the changes in the way Police responded to the new situation, the pre-emptive strikes, immigration etc are some of the key issues which have created significant challenges for the police and other authorities. 9/11 was one of the events which changed many things and virtually shifted the existing paradigm for the security and policing methods. It not only exposed the vulnerabilities of the existing security and policing procedures but also provided an opportunity to look into the better ways to manage the risk and threat posed to the society by the negative elements. It is therefore critical to understand that the challenges and opportunities available to Police are unique in nature and need to be viewed from the perspective of the changes which have taken place since 9/11. The policing model and the resulting changes therefore need to be discussed in order to fully understand the practical origins of the challenges faced by the police during 21st century. This paper will therefore make an attempt to discuss the challenges faced by Police during 21st century while discussing the difference between the challenges faced by the Police in past.The original duty or the mission of Police, as outlined by Sir Robert Peel, is to prevent crime and disorder. however, the overall sensitivity and the responsibilities of Policies have radically changed in the wake of current situation. The founder of modern model for Policing, Sir Robert Peel outlined the basic duty of police to ensure the safety of the general public and the preservation of peace within an in creasingly pluralist society The police’s role is now not just limited to the prevention of crime at the community level however, it now also entails a broader scope for activities which are considered as essential for controlling and preventing terrorist activities. The traditional community policing model was based on gaining and developing the trust within the public to achieve the overall aim of public safety. This model therefore required a closer link with the community to continuously look for information and intelligence which cannot help to prevent the crime but also allow the police to track down those who committed the crimes. (Bayley and Shearing) The shift towards intelligence led policing from the traditional investigative and reactive policing approach and than to the more pro-active military like policing model has been due to the changing nature of crime. As mentioned above that with the war on terrorism and the change in the way society face internal and ext ernal threats, the role of policing and the approaches of policing have changed. The above changes in the way society now perceives the role of Police and other law enforcement agencies therefore suggest that Police may face significant challenges during 21st Century. Counter-terrorism One of the most important challenges to be faced by the Police during 21st century is the counter- terrorism and anti-terrorism. The events of 9/11 have changed the way security was generally perceived by the societies. The increasing threat to the life and property of innocent citizens and the State itself therefore necessitated that the traditional role of Police should change. Earlier the significant challenge faced by the Police was to keep the criminals in check while ensuring that the general environment of peace and harmony exists in society. However, the anti-terrorism has forced police to face the significant challenge of meeting the new requirements. (Cooley) Terrorism has emerged as a pheno menon

Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego Essay

Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego - Essay Example Group psychology is not concerned with group, as one could get the wrong impression by the name; on the contrary, it is connected with the individual who is part of the group, because every human being happens to be a member of many groups according to his environment and situation in life. "Group Psychology is therefore concerned with the individual man as a member of a race, of a nation, of a caste, of a profession, of an institution, or as a component part of a crowd of people who have been organised into a group at some particular time for some definite purpose (p.3)1. Group psychology is only the sum total of all the individual psychologies belonging to that particular group. Freud was of the opinion that the crowd, a gathering, or a mass of people, can reflect different psychological dimensions than loose individuals. Those dimensions need not be part of their daily life. They might surprise themselves by exhibiting totally alien behaviours, which are more in step with the group, and have less to do with their individuality and identification. He says that an individual could be brought to a condition where his personality traits are totally lost and he would commit uncharacteristic deeds on being suggested. A group is always more susceptible to influence, and it could swing dangerously without any regard for personal gain. "While with isolated individuals personal interest is almost the only motive force, with groups, it is very rarely prominent," (p.17). Group can create an unusual influence on the individual's mental activity so that his emotions are extraordinarily intensified and sometimes it inhibits the intellect and rational factors. He says that if an individual gives up his identity and becomes a part of the group, he does so, because he feels the need of being in harmony with others. There is a kind of bonding in a group, which might compel an individual to be carried away instinctively. "that a group is clearly held together by a power of some kind; and to what power could this feat be better ascribed than to Eros, who holds together everything in the world" he asks. Libido, as Freud sees it, is an emotional form comprising all sentiments that come under 'love' with sexual union as its aim. It can contain self-love, love for parents/children, friendship and general love for all and animals, or nature, because all tendencies are part of 'an expression of the same instinctive activities which might result in various kinds of relationships'. The soul of the mass is another kind of libido, which emotionally binds the individual into the group and each individual usually feels the same and this libido becomes the mass soul that compels all the likewise members of the group to feel and emote identically. Another most important factor here is the leader of the group who "stands in the relation of a kind elder brother; he is their father surrogate" (p.43). Freud theorises that the same group essence could be found in the libidinal ties of panic phenomenon that exists in the military groups. This collective dread can happen "either owing to an increase of the common danger or owing to the

Speaker's response for Sports management class Essay - 1

Speaker's response for Sports management class - Essay Example The first was about starting in the business. The speaker was able to articulate the difficulty of not knowing what to do or being clueless about the job. I found that lawyers like the speaker tend to work on contract and facility issues, insurance, sponsorship and tax (Bhardwaj 2011). His perspective on how to address that situation is practical and something that I will remember if faced in the same dilemma. He said that one should be calm about it and approach it in a holistic and objective manner. I believe he wants a certain level of detachment that would enable him to focus, learn and avoid mistakes. The idea is get past the jitters, the ignorance and other work-related related pressures. Secondly, there is the case of needing to be appropriate at work and towards other people. The speaker was a lawyer and his work involved defense and prosecution. He stressed that it is preferable to work with adversaries professionally and not become rabid supporters of employers because in t he industry, everything comes in full circle. An adversary today, might be needed in the future. So it helps that one is level headed about work especially when the position entails conflict resolution. Which issues require more consideration? I would like to point out the issue regarding the alignment of interest. The speaker stressed that people should not enter the sports entertainment business because he loves sports. ... Essentially, lawyers deal with the law and with documents regardless of where he works. But he was unhappy working for corporations. There is a discrepancy when he clearly thrived and excelled in the sports management business. Obviously, he is a sports fan. This factor must contribute to a worker's motivation. A business manager and his counterpart who loves sports would have radically different approach in an issue because the latter would be more involved and passionate about it. I feel that this issue needed further clarifications. Where you do stand on a controversial issue? One of the controversial issues in sports entertainment management is the focus on profit. Sports managers tend to see organizational success as inevitable offshoot of single-minded pursuit for profit. I am against this wholeheartedly. I believe that this position is valid for several reasons. First is that America has very strong ties with sports and that its management is almost within the realm of public interest. According to Kelly, sports has occupied a major role in modern society, as element of the economy, spectacle with symbolic meanings and an arena of human development (226). A purely commercial organization could get away with greed for profit but the fans will never condone its pursuit if they think that the management and sports administration is harming the sports or their teams or making inappropriate sports decisions in favor of more money. This is supported by the fact that sports and its leading figures are considered product brands. Any inappropriate management decision can damage them and the public could simply cease patronizing. Baker and Esherik (2013) maintained that sports is still a profit-based organization

Effective Time Management Essay Example for Free

Effective Time Management Essay Through the use of modern technology, businesses have an easier way of collaboration. However, with this easier method of collaboration, this means the potential of being a busier business professional. Within a business management system, there is the constant need of needing to have effective time management within the organization. A key priority to effective time management is to identify and correct time wasters. One type of time wasters is an external environment. External time wasters are interactions that occur between two business professionals. The interactions can be between anyone outside and inside the organization, regardless of who it is within the organization (co-workers, managers, business partners, etc. ). A very common means of communication is the telephone. While telephones can be necessary for communicating, they can lead to distraction of issues that are not part of the core task or completely unnecessary (Cooper, 2000. )A key function of time management, regardless of the communication method is to make sure it affectively addresses the task of getting things done. In the case of inbound phone calls, it is imperative to thing and prioritizes as one speaks. When dealing with complex and time-consuming answers, the receiver of the inbound call should tell the caller about how the answer is complex. It is then important to determine from the caller when the receiver should call he or she back to discuss more of the complex answer. In addition it is imperative to paraphrase and summarize the key points while being on the phone. This serves two functions. One of them is that it keeps someone who either chats or strays away from important points of business communications. The second is that it focuses on establishing the key agenda for a business meeting. Another example of a common external environment distraction is email. For the busy business professional, there can be a time of literally going through hundreds of emails a day. When developing a simple and effective email reference system, it is necessary to understand the difference between reference information and action information. Reference information refers to receiving emails that are not required to complete an action. The purpose of reference information is the storing of emails that can be used later (Sapadin, 2006. ) The stored emails can either be an email folder or somewhere easily accessible (such as a documents folder, intranet site, etc. ) Action information is emails that are necessary for completing a task or project. These types of information are stored in a to-do list or a scheduled calendar. In order to effectively communicate via email, it is fundamental to have an easy method of transferring messages from the email inbox into an email reference system. Once there is a successful way of filing referenced information, emails that has an action item can be concentrated on. In addition to having an effective organizational system for email, it is necessary to schedule an uninterrupted time for processing and organizing email. When processing email, it is valuable to use the â€Å"Four Ds for Decision-Making† model. This tool is valuable for processing email and deciding if it is actionable, reference material, or not necessary. (Allen, 2001. )The 4D’s of the decision making model are deleting, doing, delegating, or defer it. With deleting, it can create the fear of deleting an email for important items. However, it is absolutely necessary to determine if the information is honestly usable for the email receiver. In order to determine if it is usable, the first step is to see if the objective is meaningful. The next step is to determine if the information is not available elsewhere. Then, it is to be determined if the information is to be used within the next six months. Finally, the last step is to determine if there is required information to keep. If the answers to all of these steps are â€Å"no,† the best action is to delete it. With the doing part of the 4D model, it is to be determined if an action can take less than two minutes. If it can, then the email receiver should simply complete the task. Delegating can yield to great help within the decision making model. If the task can take longer than two minutes and someone would be available to complete the task, it would be best to hand the message to the recipient. Let’s suppose that the email can’t involve doing, deleting or delegating it. Then, the next step would be to defer the task. Once deferring a message, it can be turned into either an actionable task or an appointment (which can be handled within an email suite such as Microsoft Outlook. ) Time wasters can also be within an internal environment. These characteristics can include procrastination, poor scheduling, and lack of self-discipline. It can also include failure to plan, set priorities, or delegate. The first step towards the right direction of internal time wasters is to set a goal. That way a destination is set in order to make the best use of time. When setting goals, they should be put in writing and reviewed frequently. From these goals, a daily â€Å"to-do† list should be used within the workplace. By referencing Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto’s 80/20 rule , 80 percent of what happens in the workplace is the result of 20 percent effort. This would mean by incorporating goals, someone can be 80 percent effective, by simply accomplishing completion for 20 percent of goals. In order to be effective, it is necessary to concentrate on the most important items first. When scheduling, a block of time should be reserved without interruption (Sandberg, 2004. ) With the power of habit, it makes accomplishing a to-do list more doable. When facing big projects, it is easier to break them into more manageable sizes. A common overlooked goal setting is to forget scheduling long-term goals. Those are also important as they relate to the health and relationship of individuals. In conclusion, sometimes saying â€Å"no† is needed when someone is overwhelmed to more jobs than he or she is committed to. References Allen, D. (2001). Getting things done: the art of stress-free productivity. New York: Viking. Cooper, C. L. , Rousseau, D. M. (2000). Time in Organizational Behaviour. Chichester: Wiley. Sandberg, Jared Though Time-Consuming, To-Do Lists Are a Way of Life. 2004, September 10) The Wall Street Journal. Sapadin, L. (2006, August 30). Time management. Washingtonpost. com. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. db24. linccweb. org/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA150674268 v=2. 1u=lincclin_spjcit=rp=AONEsw=w

Woodrow Wilson and American Diplomacy Essay -- United States

Woodrow Wilson and American Diplomacy â€Å"Until early in [the twentieth] century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American foreign policy. Then, two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on Europe† . President Woodrow Wilson was the leader who would initiate the ideologies of American diplomacy in the twentieth century. Up until his Presidency, American foreign policy was simply to fulfill the course of manifest destiny, and to remain free of entanglements overseas. Although he could not convince his fellow politicians on Capitol Hill of the probable success of his ideas, he did persuade the fellow writers of the Treaty of Versailles to use his Fourteen Points. America’s role as a political global superpower was established during his Presidency, as well as the modern policy that peace depends on the spread of democracy, and that national interest consists of adhering to a global system of law. The formation of modern American diplomacy can not only be attributed to Wilson, for the policies of Theodore Roosevelt are what initiated his diplomatic policies. Roosevelt convinced Congress to strengthen the Army and Navy, and began major involvement in European affairs. His foreign policy regarding the Caribbean followed the policy of the Monroe Doctrine, that to maintain order in the Caribbean, foreign nations could not be involved, however Roosevelt did not follow the Doctrine to the extent of forceful evacuation of the Americas, he did use diplomatic means. He prevented European warfare in Venezuela, by negotiating with the involved nations. He found that it was America’s duty, just as all other powerful nation’s duties, to police the world and maintain order. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was issued, and it stated that America would be the police force of the Americas, and that European intervention was not necessary. This major step showe d that America had no goals in obtaining new territories in the Caribbean, and was a measure to protect the Panama region from upheaval. Wilson would follow Roosevelt’s ideologies but to an even greater extent as he created a modern Monroe Doctrine. There shall be no annexations. National aspirations must be respected; peoples may now be dominated, and†¦[may now] be governed only by the... ...t realize that it was he who shaped modern American diplomacy, it was he who shaped the twentieth century. Bibliography: 1. Canfield, Leon H. The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson: Prelude to a World in Crisis. Rutherford, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 1966. 2. Hoover, Herbert. The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson. Washington D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1958. 3. Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994. 4. Link, Arthur S. Woodrow Wilson: A Brief Biography. NewYork: The World Publishing Company, 1963. 5. Link, Arthur S. Woodrow Wilson and the Progressice Era:1910-1917. New York: Harper and Row, 1954. 6. Link, Arthur S. American Epoch: A History of the U.S. Since the 1890’s. New York: Alfred A. Knoph Publishing, 1966. 7. Schoenherr, Steve ed. â€Å"The Versailles Treaty†, History Dept. at the University of San Diego. January 20, 2000 (last update). University of San Diego. January 20, 2000 (last visited). . 8. Tompkins, Vincent, ed. American Decades: 1910-1919. Detroit: Gale Research, 1996. 9.Uschan, Michael V. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades,the 1910s. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1999.

Tennysons Use of Landscape as an Indication of Mood :: essays research papers

Tennyson’s poetry is renowned for reflecting a penetrating introspection and meditative expressiveness unsurpassed by other poets of his time. His explorations into a vast breadth of topics ranging from the political to the deeply personal reflect his multifarious enthusiasms, and his ability to reach out to his readers as well as probe the depths of psychological expression. ‘The Lady of Shalott’ and ‘Mariana’, two of his earliest poems, exemplify this ability to communicate internal states of mind through his use of scenery. Although Tennyson’s use of landscape indeed creates a strong vivid impression, I feel that it also serves a higher purpose: namely, to express the psychological state and mood depicted in the protagonists of the poems. As a child Tennyson was profoundly influenced by the poetry of Byron and Scott, Romantic poets celebrated for their presentations of emotional or psychological issues through natural imagery. This influence can be plainly seen in his poetry, none so much so as in ‘Mariana’ where he uses Keatsian descriptions of the surroundings to describe a woman’s state of mind. The subject of this poem is drawn from a line in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure: ‘‘Mariana in the moated grange.’’ This describes a young woman waiting for her lover Angelo, who has abandoned her upon the loss of her dowry. From the outset Tennyson creates an impression of profound disrepair and decrepitude, the ‘sheds’ are left broken and abandoned, the thatch is ‘worn’ and covered in weeds. Everything is coated in rust, moss or dust, unmoving, inactive and still. This strong suggestion of stagnation recurs throughout, and is emphasized by the refrain of the poem: ‘She only said, ‘My life is dreary, He cometh not,’ she said, She said, ‘I am aweary, aweary, I would that I were dead!’ This acts almost as a confirmation of what the reader already suspects, that Mariana has been abandoned and the ‘grange’ with her, and expresses continuity without hope of change. His use of adjectives such as ‘lonely’, ‘ancient’, ‘level’ and ‘old’ throughout the poem poignantly express disrepair and isolation. This sense of dormancy Tennyson depicts draws a direct correlation with the psychological state of mind expressed in Mariana. He uses her surroundings to echo the fact that she is left in a constant state of perpetual, isolated brooding and that through her dejection all she sees appears equally miserable and ‘dreary’.

Business Analysis. Introduction to data modeling

Before you sit down In front of the keyboard and start creating a database application, it is critical that you take a step back and consider your business problem-?in this case, the kitchen supply scenario presented in Lesson 2-? from a conceptual point of view. To facilitate this process, a number of conceptual modeling techniques have been developed by computer scientists, psychologists, and consultants. For our purposes, we can think of a conceptual model as a picture of the Information system we are going to build. To use an analogy, conceptual models are to Information systems what blueprints are to buildings.There are many different conceptual modeling techniques used in practice. Each technique uses a different set of symbols and may focus on a different part of the problem (e. G. , data, processes, information flows, objects, and so on). Despite differences in notation and focus, however, the underlying rationale for conceptual modeling techniques is always the Michael Bryon ([email  protected] Ca) Last update: 02-May-01 1 of 23 An Introduction to data modeling Introduction: The importance of conceptual 3. 1. 1. 1 Entities and attributes What is data modeling?A data model is a simply a diagram that describes the most important â€Å"things† in your business environment from a data-centric point of view. To illustrate, consider the simple RED shown in Figure 3. 1 . The purpose of the diagram is to describe the relationship between the data stored about products and the data stored about the organizations that supply the products. FIGURE 3. 1: An RED showing a relationship between products and suppliers. The rectangles in Figure 3. 1 are called entity types (typically shortened to â€Å"entities†) and the ovals are called attributes.The entities are the â€Å"things† in the business environment about which we want to store data. The attributes provide us with a means of organizing and structuring the data. For example, we need to s tore certain information about the products that we sell, such as the typical selling price of the product (â€Å"Unit price†) and the quantity of the product currently in inventory (â€Å"Sty on hand†). These pieces of data are attributes of the Product entity. It is important to note that the precise manner in which data are used and processed within a particular business application is a separate issue from data modeling.For example, the data model says nothing about how the value of â€Å"Sty on hand† is changed over time. The focus in data modeling is on capturing data about the environment. You will learn how to change this data (e. G. Process orders so that the inventory values are updated) once you have mastered the art of database design. Product Unit price Sty on hand Product Entity supplied by Cardinality Attributes Supplier Relationship Name Address A data modeled assumes that if the right data is available, the other elements of the application will fall into place effortlessly and wonderfully. For now, this is a good working assumption.Introduction: The importance of conceptual environment in which your wholesale company operates. However, it is easy to imagine a different environment in which each product is supplied by multiple suppliers. For example, many suppliers may carry a particular brand of wire whisk. When you run out of whisks, it is up to you to decide where to place your order. In other words, it is possible that a many-to-many relationship exists between suppliers and products. If multiple supplier exist, attributes of the product, such as its price and product number may vary from supplier to supplier.In this situation, the data requirements of a many-tomato environment are slightly more complex than those of the one-to-many environment. If you design and implement your database around the one-to-many assumption but hen discover that certain goods are supplied by multiple suppliers, much effort is going to be r equired to fix the problem. In addition to entities and attributes, Figure 3. 1 shows a relationship between the two entities using a line and a diamond. The relationship construct is used-?not surprisingly-?to indicate the existence or absence of a relationship between entities.A crows foot at either end of a relationship line is used to denote the cardinality of the relationship. For example, the crow's foot on the product side of the relationship in Figure 3. 1 indicates that a particular supplier may provide your company with overall different products, such as bowls, spatulas, wire whisks and so on. The absence of a crow's foot on the supplier side indicates that each product in your inventory is provided by a single supplier. Thus, the relationship in Figure 3. 1 indicates that you always buy all your wire whisks from the same company. . 1. 1. 3 Modeling assumptions The relationship shown in Figure 3. 1 is called one-to-many: each supplier supplies many products (where many me ans â€Å"any number including zero') but each product is supplied by one supplier (where â€Å"one† means â€Å"at most one†). The decision to use a nee-to-many relationship reflects an assumption about the business Herein lies the point of drawing an RED: The diagram makes your assumptions about the relationships within a particular business environment explicit before you start building things. The role of the modeled 3. 1. 1. In the environment used in these tutorials, you are the user, the designer, and the implementer An introduction to data modeling of the system. In a more realistic environment, however, these roles are played by different individuals (or groups) with different (programmers, database specialists, and so on) is that they seldom leave their busbies to communicate with end-users of the software they are writing. Similarly, it is generally safe to assume that users have no interest in, or understanding of, low- level technical details (such as the cardinality of relationships on Reds, mechanisms to enforce referential integrity, and so on).Thus, it is up to the business analyst to bridge the communication gap between the different groups involved in the construction, use, and administration of an information system. As a business analyst (or more generally, a designer), it is critical that you walk through your conceptual oodles with users and make sure that your modeling assumptions are appropriate. In some cases, you may have to examine sample data from the existing computer- based or manual system to determine whether (for instance) there are any products that are supplied by multiple suppliers.At the modeling stage, making changes such as converting a one-to-many relationship to a many-to-many relationship is trivial-? all that is required is the addition of a crows foot to one Introduction: The importance of conceptual end of the relationship, as shown in Figure 3. 2. In contrast, making the same change once you have im plemented tables, lilt a user interface, and written code is a time-consuming and frustrating chore. FIGURE 3. 2: An RED for an environment in which there is a many-to-many relationship between products and suppliers.Product Unit price Sty on hand The addition of a second crows foot transforms the one-to-many relationship into a many-to-many relationship. Supplier Generally, you can count on the lox rule of thumb when building software: the cost of making a change increases by an order of magnitude for each stage of the systems development lifestyle that you complete. An introduction to data modeling Introduction: The importance of conceptual 3. 1. 2. 1 Entities 3. 1 . 2 Data meddlers typically adopt a set of notational conventions so that their diagrams are consistent.For example, large IT organizations and consultancies typically adopt a methodology-?a set of tools and procedures for applying the tools that specifies the notation used within the organization. Enforcing standardiza tion in this way facilitates teamwork on large projects. Similarly, if a computerized software engineering (CASE) tool is used for conceptual modeling and design, notational conventions are often enforced by the software. What follows is a brief summary of the notational conventions that I use when drawing Reds.Keep in mind, however, that Reds are first and foremost a tool for communication between humans. As such, the precise notation you use is not particularly important as long as people can read and understand the diagrams. With experience, you will come to realize that differences in the shapes of the boxes and lines have little effect on the core concepts of data modeling. Entities are drawn as rectangular boxes containing a noun in singular form, as shown in Figure 3. 3. FIGURE 3. 3: An entity named â€Å"Customer†. CustomerYou will see later that each entity you draw ultimately becomes a table in your database. You might want to keep this transformation from entity to table in mind when selecting the names of your entities. For example, your entity names should be short but descriptive. 3. 1. 2. 2 Relationships A relationship between entities is drawn as a line bisected by a diamond. The diamond contains a verb (or short verb phrase) that describes the nature of the relationship between the entities, as shown in Figure 3. 4. Named relationships are used to make the Reds more readable.However, unlike entity names, relationship Ames never show up in the final database. Consequently, it does not really matter how you label your relationships, as long It can be argued that the term â€Å"method† is grammatically preferable. In Europe, for example, the term â€Å"method† tends to be favored. Introduction: The importance of conceptual Generally, Reds make certain assumptions about the reader's knowledge of the underlying business domain. FIGURE 3. 4: A relationship named â€Å"buys†. As the labels make the diagram easier to interp ret.To illustrate, consider the relationship between products and suppliers shown in Figure 3. 1 . The relationship is scribed by the verb phrase â€Å"supplied by'. Although one could have opted for the shorter relationship name â€Å"has† instead, the resulting diagram (e. G. , â€Å"Supplier has product†) would be more difficult for readers of the diagram to interpret. 3. 1. 2. 3 Relationship direction A notational convention supported by some CASE tools is to require two names for each relationship: one that makes sense in one direction (e. G. â€Å"is supplied by'), and another that makes sense in the opposite direction (e. G. , â€Å"supplies†). Although double-naming may make the diagram easier to read, it also adds clutter (twice as any labels) and imposes an additional burden on the modeled. Cardinality 3. 1 . 2. 4 One issue that sometimes troubles neophyte data meddlers is that the direction of the relationship is not made explicit on the diagram. Re turning to Figure 3. 1, it is obvious to me (since I drew the diagram) that the relationship should be read: â€Å"Product is supplied by supplier. Reading the relationship in the other direction (â€Å"Supplier is supplied by product†) makes very little sense to anyone who is familiar with the particular problem domain. As discussed in Section 3. 1. 1. 2, the cardinality of a relationship constrains the umber of instances of one entity type that can be associated with a single instance of the other entity type. The cardinality of relationships has an important impact on number and structure of the tables in the database. Consequently, it is important to get the cardinality right on paper before starting the implementation.An introduction to data modeling There are three fundamental types of cardinality in Reds: ; One-to-many -? You have already seen an example of a one-to-many relationship in Figure 3. 1 . You will soon discover that onto-many relationships are the bread an d butter of relational databases. One-to-one -? At this point in your data modeling career, you should avoid one-tone relationships. To illustrate the basic issue, consider the RED shown in Figure 3. 5. Based on an existing paper-based system, the modeled has assumed that each customer is associated with one â€Å"customer record† (I. . , a paper form containing information about the customer, such as address, fax number, and so on). Clearly, each customer has only one we automate the system and get rid of the paper form, then there is no reason not to combine the Customer and Customer Record entities into a single entity called Customer. Introduction: The importance of conceptual FIGURE 3. 5: An incorrect one-to-one relationship associated with Customer Record In many cases, one-to-one relationships indicate a modeling error. When you have a one-to-one relationship such as the one shown in Figure 3. , you should combine the two entities into a single entity. ; Many-to-many - ? The world is full of monotony-many relationships. A well-used example is â€Å"Student takes course. † Many-to-many relationships also arise when you consider the history of an entity. To illustrate, consider the RED shown in Figure 3. 6. At first glance, the relationship between Family and Single-Family Dwelling (SF) might seem to be one-to-one since a particular family can only live in one SF at a time and each SF can (by definition) only contain a single family. However, it is possible for a family to live in different houses over time.

Definition and Examples of the High or Grand Style

Definition and Examples of the High or Grand Style Definition In classical rhetoric, the grand style refers to speech or writing thats characterized by a heightened emotional tone, imposing diction, and highly ornate figures of speech. Also called high style. See the observations below. Also see: DecorumEloquenceLevels of Usage Plain Style and Middle Style Purple ProseStyle Observations Alas! the grand style is the last matter in the world for verbal definition to deal with adequately. One may say of it as is said of faith: One must feel it in order to know what it is.(Matthew Arnold, Last Words on Translating Homer, 1873)The grand style of oratory Cicero described was magnificent, stately, opulent, and ornate. The grand orator was fiery, impetuous; his eloquence rushes along with the roar of a mighty stream. Such a speaker might sway thousands if conditions were right. But if he resorted to dramatic delivery and majestic speech without first preparing his listeners, he would be like a drunken reveller in the midst of sober men. Timing and a clear understanding of the speaking situation were critical. The grand orator must be familiar with the other two forms of style or his manner would strike the listener as scarcely sane. The eloquent speaker was Ciceros ideal. No one ever achieved the eminence he had in mind but like Platos philosopher king, the ideal sometimes motivated mans best efforts.(James L. Golden et al., The Rhetoric of Western Thought, 8th ed. Kendall Hunt, 2004) [In De Doctrina Christiana] Augustine notes that for Christians all matters are equally significant because they concern mans eternal welfare, so ones use of different stylistic registers should be linked to ones rhetorical purpose. A pastor should use a plain style for instructing the faithful, a moderate style for delighting an audience and making it more receptive or sympathetic to sacred teachings, and a grand style for moving the faithful to action. Although Augustine says that a preachers chief homiletic purpose is instruction, he acknowledges that few people will act based on instruction alone; most must be moved to act through the psychological and rhetorical means employed in the grand style.(Richard Penticoff, Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996)